Oracle命令全集

Oracle命令全集

Oracle命令全集第一章：日志管理第二章：表空间管理第三章：表第四章：索引第五章：约束第六章：LOAD数据第七章：reorganizing data第八章： managing password security and resources第九章：Managing users第十章：managing privileges第十一章： manager role第十二章: BACKUP and RECOVERYOracle命令全集第一章：日志管理1.forcing log switches    sql> alter system switch logfile;    2.forcing checkpoints    sql> alter system checkpoint;    3.adding online redo log groups    sql> alter database add logfile [group 4]    sql> (’/disk3/log4a.rdo’,'/disk4/log4b.rdo’) size 1m;    4.adding online redo log members    sql> alter database add logfile member    sql> ‘/disk3/log1b.rdo’ to group 1,    sql> ‘/disk4/log2b.rdo’ to group 2;    5.changes the name of the online redo logfile    sql> alter database rename file ‘c:/oracle/oradata/oradb/redo01.log’    sql> to ‘c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log’;    6.drop online redo log groups    sql> alter database drop logfile group 3;    7.drop online redo log members    sql> alter database drop logfile member ‘c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log’;    8.clearing online redo log files    sql> alter database clear [unarchived] logfile ‘c:/oracle/log2a.rdo’;    9.using logminer analyzing redo logfiles    a. in the init.ora specify utl_file_dir = ‘ ‘    b. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_d.build(’oradb.ora’,'c:oracleoradblog’);    c. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_add_logfile(’c:oracleoradataoradbredo01.log’,    sql> dbms_logmnr.new);    d. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(’c:oracleoradataoradbredo02.log’,    sql> dbms_logmnr.addfile);    e. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>’c:oracleoradblogoradb.ora’);    f. sql> select * from v$logmnr_contents(v$logmnr_dictionary,v$logmnr_parameters    sql> v$logmnr_logs);    g. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr;第二章：表空间管理    1.create tablespaces    sql> create tablespace tablespace_name datafile ‘c:oracleoradatafile1.dbf’ size 100m,    sql> ‘c:oracleoradatafile2.dbf’ size 100m minimum extent 550k [logging/nologging]    sql> default storage (initial 500k next 500k maxextents 500 pctinccease 0)    sql> [online/offline] [permanent/temporary] [extent_management_clause]    2.locally managed tablespace    sql> create tablespace user_data datafile ‘c:oracleoradatauser_data01.dbf’    sql> size 500m extent management local uniform. size 10m;    3.temporary tablespace    sql> create temporary tablespace temp tempfile ‘c:oracleoradatatemp01.dbf’    sql> size 500m extent management local uniform. size 10m;    4.change the storage setting    sql> alter tablespace app_data minimum extent 2m;    sql> alter tablespace app_data default storage(initial 2m next 2m maxextents 999);    5.taking tablespace offline or online    sql> alter tablespace app_data offline;    sql> alter tablespace app_data online;    6.read_only tablespace    sql> alter tablespace app_data read only|write;    7.droping tablespace    sql> drop tablespace app_data including contents;    8.enableing automatic extension of data files    sql> alter tablespace app_data add datafile ‘c:oracleoradataapp_data01.dbf’size 200m    sql> autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500m;    9.change the size fo data files manually    sql> alter database datafile ‘c:oracleoradataapp_data.dbf’resize 200m;    10.Moving data files: alter tablespace    sql> alter tablespace app_data rename datafile ‘c:oracleoradataapp_data.dbf’    sql> to ‘c:oracleapp_data.dbf’;    11.moving data files:alter database    sql> alter database rename file ‘c:oracleoradataapp_data.dbf’    sql> to ‘c:oracleapp_data.dbf’;第三章：表    1.create a table    sql> create table table_name (column datatype,column datatype]….)    sql> tablespace tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [pctused integer]    sql> [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer]    sql> storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50)    sql> [logging|nologging] [cache|nocache]    2.copy an existing table    sql> create table table_name [logging|nologging] as subquery    3.create temporary table    sql> create global temporary table xay_temp as select * from xay;    on commit preserve rows/on commit delete rows    4.pctfree = (average row size - initial row size) *100 /average row size    pctused = 100-pctfree- (average row size*100/available data space)    5.change storage and block utilization parameter    sql> alter table table_name pctfree=30 pctused=50 storage(next 500k    sql> minextents 2 maxextents 100);    6.manually allocating extents    sql> alter table table_name allocate extent(size 500k datafile ‘c:/oracle/data.dbf’);    7.move tablespace    sql> alter table employee move tablespace users;    8.deallocate of unused space    sql> alter table table_name deallocate unused [keep integer]    9.truncate a table    sql> truncate table table_name;    10.drop a table    sql> drop table table_name [cascade constraints];    11.drop a column    sql> alter table table_name drop column comments cascade constraints checkpoint 1000;    alter table table_name drop columns continue;    12.mark a column as unused    sql> alter table table_name set unused column comments cascade constraints;    alter table table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000;    alter table orders drop columns continue checkpoint 1000    data_dictionary : dba_unused_col_tabs第四章：索引    1.creating function-based indexes    sql> create index summit.item_quantity on summit.item(quantity-quantity_shipped);    2.create a B-tree index    sql> create [unique] index index_name on table_name(column,.. asc/desc) tablespace    sql> tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer]    sql> [logging | nologging] [nosort] storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0    sql> maxextents 50);    3.pctfree(index)=(maximum number of rows-initial number of rows)*100/maximum number of rows    4.creating reverse key indexes    sql> create unique index xay_id on xay(a) reverse pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k    sql> next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx;    5.create bitmap index    sql> create bitmap index xay_id on xay(a) pctfree 30 storage( initial 200k next 200k    sql> pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx;    6.change storage parameter of index    sql> alter index xay_id storage (next 400k maxextents 100);    7.allocating index space    sql> alter index xay_id allocate extent(size 200k datafile ‘c:/oracle/index.dbf’);    8.alter index xay_id deallocate unused;第五章：约束    1.define constraints as immediate or deferred    sql> alter session set constraint[s] = immediate/deferred/default;    set constraint[s] constraint_name/all immediate/deferred;    2. sql> drop table table_name cascade constraints    sql> drop tablespace tablespace_name including contents cascade constraints    3. define constraints while create a table    sql> create table xay(id number(7) constraint xay_id primary key deferrable    sql> using index storage(initial 100k next 100k) tablespace indx);    primary key/unique/references table(column)/check    4.enable constraints    sql> alter table xay enable novalidate constraint xay_id;    5.enable constraints    sql> alter table xay enable validate constraint xay_id;第六章：LOAD数据    1.loading data using direct_load insert    sql> insert into emp nologging    sql> select * from emp_old;    2.parallel direct-load insert    sql> alter session enable parallel dml;    sql> insert into emp nologging    sql> select * from emp_old;    3.using sql*loader    sql> sqlldr scott/tiger    sql> control = ulcase6.ctl    sql> log = ulcase6.log direct=true第七章：reorganizing data    1.using expoty    $exp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=c:emp.dmp log=exp.log compress=n direct=y    2.using import    $imp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=emp.dmp log=imp.log ignore=y    3.transporting a tablespace    sql>alter tablespace sales_ts read only;    $exp sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y tablespace=sales_ts    triggers=n constraints=n    $copy datafile    $imp sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y datafiles=(/disk1/sles01.dbf,/disk2    /sles02.dbf)    sql> alter tablespace sales_ts read write;    4.checking transport set    sql> DBMS_tts.transport_set_check(ts_list =>’sales_ts’ ..,incl_constraints=>true);    在表transport_set_violations 中查看    sql> dbms_tts.isselfcontained 为true 是， 表示自包含第八章： managing password security and resources    1.controlling account lock and password    sql> alter user juncky identified by oracle account unlock;    2.user_provided password function    sql> function_name(userid in varchar2(30),password in varchar2(30),    old_password in varchar2(30)) return boolean    3.create a profile : password setting    sql> create profile grace_5 limit failed_login_attempts 3    sql> password_lock_time unlimited password_life_time 30    sql>password_reuse_time 30 password_verify_function verify_function    sql> password_grace_time 5;    4.altering a profile    sql> alter profile default failed_login_attempts 3    sql> password_life_time 60 password_grace_time 10;    5.drop a profile    sql> drop profile grace_5 [cascade];    6.create a profile : resource limit    sql> create profile developer_prof limit sessions_per_user 2    sql> cpu_per_session 10000 idle_time 60 connect_time 480;    7. view => resource_cost : alter resource cost    dba_Users,dba_profiles    8. enable resource limits    sql> alter system set resource_limit=true;第九章：Managing users    1.create a user: database authentication    sql> create user juncky identified by oracle default tablespace users    sql> temporary tablespace temp quota 10m on data password expire    sql> [account lock|unlock] [profile profilename|default];    2.change user quota on tablespace    sql> alter user juncky quota 0 on users;    3.drop a user    sql> drop user juncky [cascade];    4. monitor user    view: dba_users , dba_ts_quotas　第十章：managing privileges    1.system privileges: view => system_privilege_map ,dba_sys_privs,session_privs    2.grant system privilege    sql> grant create session,create table to managers;    sql> grant create session to scott with admin option;    with admin option can grant or revoke privilege from any user or role;    3.sysdba and sysoper privileges:    sysoper: startup,shutdown,alter database open|mount,alter database backup controlfile,    alter tablespace begin/end backup,recover database    alter database archivelog,restricted session    sysdba: sysoper privileges with admin option,create database,recover database until    4.password file members: view:=> v$pwfile_users    5.O7_dictionary_accessibility =true restriction access to view or tables in other schema    6.revoke system privilege    sql> revoke create table from karen;    sql> revoke create session from scott;    7.grant object privilege    sql> grant execute on dbms_pipe to public;    sql> grant update(first_name,salary) on employee to karen with grant option;    8.display object privilege : view => dba_tab_privs, dba_col_privs    9.revoke object privilege    sql> revoke execute on dbms_pipe from scott [cascade constraints];    10.audit record view :=> sys.aud$    11. protecting the audit trail    sql> audit delete on sys.aud$ by access;    12.statement auditing    sql> audit user;    13.privilege auditing    sql> audit select any table by summit by access;    14.schema object auditing    sql> audit lock on summit.employee by access whenever successful;    15.view audit option : view=> all_def_audit_opts,dba_stmt_audit_opts,dba_priv_audit_opts,dba_obj_audit_opts    16.view audit result: view=> dba_audit_trail,dba_audit_exists,dba_audit_object,dba_audit_session,dba_audit_statement　第十一章： manager role    1.create roles    sql> create role sales_clerk;    sql> create role hr_clerk identified by bonus;    sql> create role hr_manager identified externally;    2.modify role    sql> alter role sales_clerk identified by commission;    sql> alter role hr_clerk identified externally;    sql> alter role hr_manager not identified;    3.assigning roles    sql> grant sales_clerk to scott;    sql> grant hr_clerk to hr_manager;    sql> grant hr_manager to scott with admin option;    4.establish default role    sql> alter user scott default role hr_clerk,sales_clerk;    sql> alter user scott default role all;    sql> alter user scott default role all except hr_clerk;    sql> alter user scott default role none;    5.enable and disable roles    sql> set role hr_clerk;    sql> set role sales_clerk identified by commission;    sql> set role all except sales_clerk;    sql> set role none;    6.remove role from user    sql> revoke sales_clerk from scott;    sql> revoke hr_manager from public;    7.remove role    sql> drop role hr_manager;    8.display role information    view: =>dba_roles,dba_role_privs,role_role_privs,dba_sys_privs,role_sys_privs,role_tab_privs,session_roles第十二章: BACKUP and RECOVERY    1. v$sga,v$instance,v$process,v$bgprocess,v$database,v$datafile,v$sgastat    2. Rman need set dbwr_IO_slaves or backup_tape_IO_slaves and large_pool_size    3. Monitoring Parallel Rollback    > v$fast_start_servers , v$fast_start_transactions    4.perform. a closed database backup (noarchivelog)    > shutdown immediate    > cp files /backup/    > startup    5.restore to a different location    > connect system/manager as sysdba    > startup mount    > alter database rename file ‘/disk1/../user.dbf’to ‘/disk2/../user.dbf’;    > alter database open;    6.recover syntax    –recover a mounted database    >recover database;    >recover datafile ‘/disk1/data/df2.dbf’;    >alter database recover database;    –recover an opened database    >recover tablespace user_data;    >recover datafile 2;    >alter database recover datafile 2;    7.how to apply redo log files automatically    >set autorecovery on    >recover automatic datafile 4;    8.complete recovery:    –method 1(mounted databae)    >copy c:backupuser.dbf c:oradatauser.dbf    >startup mount    >recover datafile ‘c:oradatauser.dbf;    >alter database open;    –method 2(opened database,initially opened,not system or rollback datafile)>copy c:backupuser.dbf c:oradatauser.dbf (alter tablespace offline)    >recover datafile ‘c:oradatauser.dbf’ or    >recover tablespace user_data;    >alter database datafile ‘c:oradatauser.dbf’ online or    >alter tablespace user_data online;    –method 3(opened database,initially closed not system or rollback datafile)    >startup mount    >alter database datafile ‘c:oradatauser.dbf’ offline;    >alter database open    >copy c:backupuser.dbf d:oradatauser.dbf    >alter database rename file ‘c:oradatauser.dbf’to ‘d:oradatauser.dbf’    >recover datafile ‘e:oradatauser.dbf’ or recover tablespace user_data;    >alter tablespace user_data online;    –method 4(loss of data file with no backup and have all archive log)    >alter tablespace user_data offline immediate;    >alter database create datafile ‘d:oradatauser.dbf’as ‘c:oradatauser.dbf”    >recover tablespace user_data;    >alter tablespace user_data online    5.perform. an open database backup    > alter tablespace user_data begin backup;    > copy files /backup/    > alter database datafile ‘/c:/../data.dbf’ end backup;    > alter system switch logfile;    6.backup a control file    > alter database backup controlfile to ‘control1.bkp’;    > alter database backup controlfile to trace;    7.recovery (noarchivelog mode)    > shutdown abort    > cp files    > startup    8.recovery of file in backup mode    >alter database datafile 2 end backup;    9.clearing redo log file    >alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1;    >alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1 unrecoverable datafile;    10.redo log recovery    >alter database add logfile group 3 ‘c:oradataredo03.log’size 1000k;    >alter database drop logfile group 1;    >alter database open;    or >cp c:oradataredo02.log’ c:oradataredo01.log    >alter database clear logfile ‘c:oradatalog01.log’;

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