浅谈Java HttpURLConnection请求方式

浅谈Java HttpURLConnection请求方式

一）URL代理请求 ​

该方式请求有两种代理方式。

方式一：使用该方式代理之后，之后的所有接口都会使用代理请求

// 对http开启全局代理

System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", "192.168.1.1");

System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", "80");

// 对https开启全局代理

System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", "192.168.1.1");

System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", "80");

方式二：适用于只有部分接口需要代理请求场景

Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress("192.168.1.1", 80));

HttpURLConnection conn = null;

try {

URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/ouyangjun");

conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);

} catch (MalformedURLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

二）无参数GET请求

方法解析：

HttpGetUtils.doGetNoParameters(String requestURL, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort);

requestURL：请求路径，必填

proxyHost：代理IP，即服务器代理地址，可为null

proxyPort：代理端口，可为null

说明：一般本地测试几乎是不会用代理的，只有服务器用代理方式请求比较多。

实现源码：

package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.net.HttpURLConnection;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;

import java.net.Proxy;

import java.net.Proxy.Type;

import java.net.URL;

/**

* http请求工具类

* @author ouyangjun

*/

public class HttpGetUtils {

/**

* http get请求, 不带参数

* @param requestURL

* @param method

* @return

*/

public static String doGetNoParameters(String requestURL, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort) {

// 记录信息

StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();

HttpURLConnection conn = null;

try {

URL url = new URL(requestURL);

// 判断是否需要代理模式请求http

if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) {

// 如果是本机自己测试, 不需要代理请求,但发到服务器上的时候需要代理请求

// 对http开启全局代理

//System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", proxyHost);

//System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", proxyPort);

// 对https开启全局代理

//System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", proxyHost);

//System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", proxyPort);

// 代理访问http请求

Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort));

conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);

} else {

// 原生访问http请求，未代理请求

conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

}

// 设置请求的属性

conn.setDoOutput(true); // 是否可以输出

conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); // 请求方式, 只包含"GET", "POST", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "PUT", "DELETE", "TRACE"六种

conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高超时时间

conn.setReadTimeout(60000); // 最高读取时间

conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高连接时间

// 读取数据

InputStream is = null;

InputStreamReader inputReader = null;

BufferedReader reader = null;

try {

is = conn.getInputStream();

inputReader = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");

reader = new BufferedReader(inputReader);

String temp;

while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) {

buffer.append(temp);

}

} catch (Exception e) {

System.out.println("HttpGetUtils doGetNoParameters error: " + e);

} finally {

try {

if (reader != null) {

reader.close();

}

if (inputReader != null) {

inputReader.close();

}

if (is != null) {

is.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

System.out.println("HttpGetUtils doGetNoParameters error: " + e);

}

}

} catch (MalformedURLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

// 当http连接空闲时, 释放资源

if (conn != null) {

conn.disconnect();

}

}

// 返回信息

return buffer.length()==0 ? "" : buffer.toString();

}

}

三）带参数POST请求

方法解析：

HttpPostUtils.doPost(String requestURL, String params, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort);

requestURL：请求路径，必填

params：请求参数，必填，数据格式为jsON

proxyHost：代理IP，即服务器代理地址，可为null

proxyPort：代理端口，可为null

说明：一般本地测试几乎是不会用代理的，只有服务器用代理方式请求比较多。

实现源码：

package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.io.OutputStream;

import java.net.HttpURLConnection;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;

import java.net.Proxy;

import java.net.Proxy.Type;

import java.net.URL;

/**

* http请求工具类

* @author ouyangjun

*/

public class HttpPostUtils {

/**

* http post请求, 带参数

* @param requestURL

* @param params

* @return

*/

public static String doPost(String requestURL, String params, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort) {

// 记录信息

StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();

HttpURLConnection conn = null;

try {

URL url = new URL(requestURL);

// 判断是否需要代理模式请求http

if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) {

// 如果是本机自己测试, 不需要代理请求,但发到服务器上的时候需要代理请求

// 对http开启全局代理

//System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", proxyHost);

//System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", proxyPort);

// 对https开启全局代理

//System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", proxyHost);

//System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", proxyPort);

// 代理访问http请求

Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort));

conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);

} else {

// 原生访问http请求，未代理请求

conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

}

// 设置请求的属性

conn.setDoOutput(true); // 是否可以输出

conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 请求方式, 只包含"GET", "POST", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "PUT", "DELETE", "TRACE"六种

conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高超时时间

conn.setReadTimeout(60000); // 最高读取时间

conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高连接时间

conn.setDoInput(true); // 是否可以输入

if (params != null) {

// 设置参数为json格式

conn.setRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/json");

// 写入参数信息

OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();

try {

os.write(params.getBytes("UTF-8"));

} catch (Exception e) {

System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);

} finally {

try {

if (os != null) {

os.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);

}

}

}

// 读取数据

InputStream is = null;

InputStreamReader inputReader = null;

BufferedReader reader = null;

try {

is = conn.getInputStream();

inputReader = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");

reader = new BufferedReader(inputReader);

String temp;

while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) {

buffer.append(temp);

}

} catch (Exception e) {

System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);

} finally {

try {

if (reader != null) {

reader.close();

}

if (inputReader != null) {

inputReader.close();

}

if (is != null) {

is.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);

}

}

} catch (MalformedURLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

// 当http连接空闲时, 释放资源

if (conn != null) {

conn.disconnect();

}

}

// 返回信息

return buffer.length()==0 ? "" : buffer.toString();

}

}

四）Http模拟测试

package com.ouyangjun.wechat.test;

import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.HttpGetUtils;

import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.HttpPostUtils;

public class TestHttp {

public static void main(String[] args) {

getWeChatToken();

// 修改用户备注信息

String token = "31_1uw5em_HrgkfXok6drZkDZLKsBfbNJr9WTdzdkc_Tdat-9tpOezWsNI6tBMkyPe_zDHjErIS1r0dgnTpT5bfKXcASShJVhPqumivRP21PvQe3Cbfztgs1IL2Jpy7kw3Y09bC1urlWzDA52mtEDGcADAVUX";

String openid = "oCh4n0-6JKQpJgBOPA5tytoYb0VY";

updateUserRemark(token, openid);

}

/**

* 根据appid和appsecret获取微信token，返回json格式数据，需自行解析

* @return

*/

public static String getWeChatToken() {

String requestURL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+WECHAT_APPID+"&secret="+WECHAT_APPSECRET;

String token = HttpGetUtils.doGetNoParameters(requestURL, null, null);

System.out.println("wechat token: " + token);

return token;

}

/**

* 修改用户备注，返回json格式数据，需自行解析

* @param token

* @param openid

* @return

*/

public static String updateUserRemark(String token, String openid) {

String reuqestURL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info/updateremark?access_token="+token;

// 封装json参数

String jsonParams = "{\"openid\":\""+openid+"\",\"remark\":\"oysept\"}";

String msg = HttpPostUtils.doPost(reuqestURL, jsonParams, null, null);

System.out.println("msg: " + msg);

return jsonParams;

}

}

补充知识：Java HttpURLConnection post set params 设置请求参数的三种方法 实践总结

我就废话不多说了，大家还是直接看代码吧~

/**

* the first way to set params

* OutputStream

*/

byte[] bytesParams = paramsStr.getBytes();

// 发送请求params参数

OutputStream outStream=connection.getOutputStream();

outStream.write(bytesParams);

outStream.flush();

/**

* the second way to set params

* PrintWriter

*/

PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream());

//PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8"));

// 发送请求params参数

printWriter.write(paramsStr);

printWriter.flush();

/**

* the third way to set params

* OutputStreamWriter

*/

OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(

connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");

// 发送请求params参数

out.write(paramsStr);

out.flush();

demo：

/**

* @param pathurl

* @param paramsStr

* @return

*/

private static String postUrlBackStr(String pathurl, String paramsStr) {

String backStr = "";

InputStream inputStream = null;

ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;

try {

URL url = new URL(pathurl);

HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

// 设定请求的方法为"POST"，默认是GET

connection.setRequestMethod("POST");

connection.setConnectTimeout(50000);

connection.setReadTimeout(50000);

// User-Agent IE11 的标识

connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.3; Trident/7.0;rv:11.0)like Gecko");

connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN");

connection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");

connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");

/**

* 当我们要获取我们请求的http地址访问的数据时就是使用connection.getInputStream().read()方式时我们就需要setDoInput(true)，

根据api文档我们可知doInput默认就是为true。我们可以不用手动设置了，如果不需要读取输入流的话那就setDoInput(false)。

当我们要采用非get请求给一个http网络地址传参 就是使用connection.getOutputStream().write() 方法时我们就需要setDoOutput(true), 默认是false

*/

// 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入，默认情况下是true;

connection.setDoInput(true);

// 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出，如果是post请求，参数要放在http正文内，因此需要设为true, 默认是false;

connection.setDoOutput(true);

connection.setUseCaches(false);

/**

* the first way to set params

* OutputStream

*/

/* byte[] bytesParams = paramsStr.getBytes();

// 发送请求params参数

OutputStream outStream=connection.getOutputStream();

outStream.write(bytesParams);

outStream.flush();

*/

/**

* the second way to set params

* PrintWriter

*/

/* PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream());

//PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8"));

// 发送请求params参数

printWriter.write(paramsStr);

printWriter.flush();*/

/**

* the third way to set params

* OutputStreamWriter

*/

OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(

connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");

// 发送请求params参数

out.write(paramsStr);

out.flush();

connection.connect();//

int contentLength = connection.getContentLength();

if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {

inputStream = connection.getInputStream();//会隐式调用connect()

baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

int readLen;

byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];

while ((readLen = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {

baos.write(bytes, 0, readLen);

}

backStr = baos.toString();

Log.i(TAG, "backStr:" + backStr);

} else {

Log.e(TAG, "请求失败 code:" + connection.getResponseCode());

}

} catch (MalformedURLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

if (baos != null) {

baos.close();

}

if (inputStream != null) {

inputStream.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

return backStr;

}

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