SpringBoot使用@SpringBootTest注解开发单元测试教程

SpringBoot使用@SpringBootTest注解开发单元测试教程

概述

@SpringBootTest注解是SpringBoot自1.4.0版本开始引入的一个用于测试的注解。基本用法如下：

1.添加依赖：

4.0.0

com.cxh.test

generator

0.0.1-SNAPSHOT

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-parent

1.5.1.RELEASE

UTF-8

UTF-8

1.8

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-web

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-test

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf

org.mybatis.spring.boot

mybatis-spring-boot-starter

1.3.0

mysql

mysql-connector-java

5.0.4

com.alibaba

druid-spring-boot-starter

1.1.9

org.springframework.cloud

spring-cloud-dependencies

Camden.SR6

pom

import

2. 编写启动入口类

package com.cxh.study.platform;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**

*

* @desciption

* @author ChenXiHua

*

*/

@SpringBootApplication

public class GeneratorApp {

/**

* @param args

*/

public static void main(String[] args) {

SpringApplication.run(GeneratorApp.class, args);

}

}

3. 编写Controller类

package com.cxh.study.platform;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**

*

* @desciption

* @author ChenXiHua

*

*/

@SpringBootApplication

public class GeneratorApp {

/**

* @param args

*/

public static void main(String[] args) {

SpringApplication.run(GeneratorApp.class, args);

}

}

4. 编写service类

package com.cxh.study.platform.service;

import java.util.List;

import com.cxh.study.platform.entity.User;

public interface IUserService {

// 获取所有用户

List getAll();

// 根据id获取用户

User getUserById(Integer id);

}

package com.cxh.study.platform.service.impl;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.cxh.study.platform.entity.User;

import com.cxh.study.platform.mapper.IUserMapper;

import com.cxh.study.platform.service.IUserService;

@Service("userServiceImpl")

public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {

@Autowired

private IUserMapper userMapper;

@Override

public List getAll() {

return userMapper.getAll();

}

@Override

public User getUserById(Integer id) {

return userMapper.getUserById(id);

}

}

5. 编写mapper类

package com.cxh.study.platform.mapper;

import java.util.List;

import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;

import com.cxh.study.platform.entity.User;

@Mapper

public interface IUserMapper {

//获取所有用户

ListgetAll();

//根据id获取用户

User getUserById(Integer id);

}

SELECT * FROM s_user

SELECT * FROM s_user

where id=#{id}

6. 编写测试类

package com.cxh.test;

import java.net.URL;

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Before;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.LocalServerPort;

import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;

import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import com.cxh.study.platform.GeneratorApp;

import com.cxh.study.platform.entity.User;

/**

*

* @desciption 用户管理测试类

* @author ChenXiHua

* @date 2019年2月19日

*

*/

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest(classes = GeneratorApp.class, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)

public class UserTest {

/**

* @LocalServerPort 提供了 @Value("${local.server.port}") 的代替

*/

@LocalServerPort

private int port;

private URL base;

@Autowired

private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;

@Before

public void setUp() throws Exception {

String url = String.format("http://localhost:%d/", port);

System.out.println(String.format("port is : [%d]", port));

this.base = new URL(url);

}

/**

* 向"/test"地址发送请求，并打印返回结果

* @throws Exception

*/

//@Test

public void test1() throws Exception {

ResponseEntity response = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(

this.base.toString() + "/test", String.class, "");

System.out.println(String.format("测试结果为：%s", response.getBody()));

}

//@Test

public void getAllTest() throws Exception {

ResponseEntity response = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(

this.base.toString() + "/getAll", List.class, "");

System.out.println(String.format("测试结果为：%s", response.getBody()));

}

@Test

public void getUserByIdTest() throws Exception {

ResponseEntity response = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(

this.base.toString() + "/getUserById?id=1", User.class, "");

System.out.println(String.format("测试结果为：%s", response.getBody().toString()));

}

}

其中，classes属性指定启动类，SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.http://RANDOM_PORT经常和测试类中@LocalServerPort一起在注入属性时使用。会随机生成一个端口号。

7.测试结果：

2019-02-19 16:18:27.933  INFO 6676 --- [           main] com.cxh.test.UserTest                    : Started UserTest in 25.637 seconds (JVM running for 27.647)

port is : [14067]

2019-02-19 16:18:31.366  INFO 6676 --- [o-auto-1-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet'

2019-02-19 16:18:31.367  INFO 6676 --- [o-auto-1-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization started

2019-02-19 16:18:31.462  INFO 6676 --- [o-auto-1-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed in 95 ms

测试结果为：User [id=1, account=cxh, password=123, type=1, status=1]

2019-02-19 16:18:35.326  INFO 6676 --- [       Thread-5] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@191004a: startup date [Tue Feb 19 16:18:05 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy

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