Netty框架实现TCP/IP通信的完美过程-APISpace

Netty框架实现TCP/IP通信的完美过程

项目中需要使用到TCP/IP协议完成数据的发送与接收。如果只是用以前写的简单的socket套接字方法，每次接收发送消息都会创建新的socket再关闭socket，造成资源浪费。于是使用netty框架完成java网络通信。

Netty框架的内容很多，这里只是代码展示其中的一个功能。

代码仓库

这里使用的是Springboot+Netty框架，使用maven搭建项目。这里是在一个项目中搭建服务端与客户端，所以端口一样。还可以使用TCP/UTP工具自己搭建服务端和客户端，只要在yml文件中修改ip和端口就好。

pom.xml

xmlns:xsi="http://w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

4.0.0

testmaven15netty

1.0-SNAPSHOT

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-parent

2.3.0.RELEASE

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter

io.netty

netty-all

4.1.31.Final

xmlns:xsi="http://w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

4.0.0

testmaven15netty

1.0-SNAPSHOT

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-parent

2.3.0.RELEASE

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter

io.netty

netty-all

4.1.31.Final

application.yml

server:

port: 8080

# 作为客户端请求的服务端地址

netty:

tcp:

server:

# 作为客户端请求的服务端地址

host: 127.0.0.1

# 作为客户端请求的服务端端口

port: 7000

client:

# 作为服务端开放给客户端的端口

port: 7000

服务端

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;

import io.netty.channel.Channel;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;

import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;

import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;

import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

import io.netty.util.concurrent.Future;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

@Component

public class NettyTcpServer {

private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyTcpServer.class);

// boss事件轮询线程组

// 处理Accept连接事件的线程，这里线程数设置为1即可，netty处理链接事件默认为单线程，过度设置反而浪费cpu资源

private EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);

//worker事件轮询线程组

//处理handler的工作线程，其实也就是处理IO读写。线程数据默认为 CPU 核心数乘以2

private EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();

@Autowired

ServerChannelInitializer serverChannelInitializer;

@Value("${netty.tcp.client.port}")

private Integer port;

// 与客户端建立连接后得到的通道对象

private Channel channel;

/**

* 存储client的channel

* key:ip value:Channel

public static Map map = new ConcurrentHashMap();

/**

* 开启Netty tcp server服务

* @return

public ChannelFuture start() {

// 启动类

ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();

serverBootstrap.group(boss, worker)//组配置，初始化ServerBootstrap的线程组

.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)//构造channel通道工厂 bossGroup的通道，只是负责连接

.childHandler(serverChannelInitializer) //设置通道处理者ChannelHandlerWorkerGroup的处理器

.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)//socket参数，当服务器请求处理程全满时，用于临时存放已完成三次握手请求的队列的最大长度。如果未设置或所设置的值小于1，Java将使用默认值50。

.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);//启用心跳保活机制，tcp，默认2小时发一次心跳

//Future：异步任务的生命周期，可用来获取任务结果

ChannelFuture channelFuture1 = serverBootstrap.bind(port).syncUninterruptibly(); // 绑定端口开启监听同步等待

if (channelFuture1 != null && channelFuture1.isSuccess()) {

channel = channelFuture1.channel();// 获取通道

LOGGER.info("Netty tcp server start success,port={}",port);

}else {

LOGGER.error("Netty tcp server start fail");

}

return channelFuture1;

}

/**

* 停止Netty tcp server服务

public void destroy(){

if (channel != null) {

channel.close();

}

try {

Future> future = worker.shutdownGracefully().await();

if (!future.isSuccess()) {

LOGGER.error("netty tcp workerGroup shutdown fail,{}",future.cause());

}

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

LOGGER.error(e.toString());

}

LOGGER.info("Netty tcp server shutdown success");

}

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;

import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;

import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;

import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Component

public class ServerChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer {

@Autowired

ServerChannelHandler serverChannelHandler;

@Override

protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {

ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();

//IdleStateHandler心跳机制,如果超时触发Handle中userEventTrigger()方法

pipeline.addLast("idleStateHandler",

new IdleStateHandler(15,0,0, TimeUnit.MINUTES));

// 字符串编解码器

pipeline.addLast(

new StringDecoder(),

new StringEncoder()

);

// 自定义Handler

pipeline.addLast("serverChannelHandler",serverChannelHandler);

}

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;

import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleState;

import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateEvent;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component

@ChannelHandler.Sharable

public class ServerChannelHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler

private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ServerChannelHandler.class);

/**

* 拿到传过来的msg数据，开始处理

* @param channelHandlerContext

* @param msg

* @throws Exception

@Override

protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, Object msg) throws Exception {

LOGGER.info("Netty tcp server receive message: {}",msg);

channelHandlerContext.writeAndFlush(" response message "+msg).syncUninterruptibly();

}

/**

* 活跃的、有效的通道

* 第一次连接成功后进入的方法

* @param ctx

* @throws Exception

@Override

public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {

super.channelActive(ctx);

LOGGER.info("tcp client "+getRemoteAddress(ctx)+" connect success");

NettyTcpServer.map.put(getIPString(ctx),ctx.channel());

}

/**

* 不活动的通道

* 连接丢失后执行的方法（client端可据此实现断线重连）

* @param ctx

* @throws Exception

@Override

public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {

// 删除Channel Map中失效的Client

NettyTcpServer.map.remove(getIPString(ctx));

ctx.close();

}

/**

* 异常处理

* @param ctx

* @param cause

* @throws Exception

@Override

public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {

super.exceptionCaught(ctx, cause);

// 发生异常关闭连接

LOGGER.error("引擎{}的通道发生异常，断开连接",getRemoteAddress(ctx));

ctx.close();

}

/**

* 心跳机制超时处理

* @param ctx

* @param evt

* @throws Exception

@Override

public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {

String socketString = ctx.channel().remoteAddress().toString();

if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) {

IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent) evt;

if (event.state()== IdleState.READER_IDLE) {

LOGGER.info("Client: "+socketString+" READER_IDLE读超时");

ctx.disconnect();

}else if (event.state()==IdleState.WRITER_IDLE){

LOGGER.info("Client: "+socketString+" WRITER_IDLE写超时");

ctx.disconnect();

}else if (event.state()==IdleState.ALL_IDLE){

LOGGER.info("Client: "+socketString+" ALL_IDLE总超时");

ctx.disconnect();

}

/**

* 获取client对象：ip+port

* @param channelHandlerContext

* @return

public String getRemoteAddress(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext){

String socketString = "";

socketString = channelHandlerContext.channel().remoteAddress().toString();

return socketString;

}

/**

* 获取client的ip

* @param channelHandlerContext

* @return

public String getIPString(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext){

String ipString = "";

String socketString = channelHandlerContext.channel().remoteAddress().toString();

int colonAt = socketString.indexOf(":");

ipString = socketString.substring(1,colonAt);

return ipString;

}

客户端

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;

import io.netty.channel.Channel;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;

import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;

import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.xml.ws.Holder;

@Component

public class NettyTcpClient {

private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyTcpClient.class);

@Value("${netty.tcp.server.host}")

String HOST;

@Value("${netty.tcp.server.port}")

int PORT;

@Autowired

ClientChannelInitializer clientChannelInitializer;

private Channel channel;

/**

* 初始化 `Bootstrap` 客户端引导程序

* @return

private final Bootstrap getBootstrap(){

Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();

NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();

bootstrap.group(group)

.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)//通道连接者

.handler(chttp://lientChannelInitializer)//通道处理者

.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE,true);// 心跳报活

return bootstrap;

}

/**

* 建立连接，获取连接通道对象

public void connect(){

ChannelFuture channelFuture = getBootstrap().connect(HOST, PORT).syncUninterruptibly();

if (channelFuture != null&&channelFuture.isSuccess()) {

channel = channelFuture.channel();

LOGGER.info("connect tcp server host = {},port = {} success", HOST,PORT);

}else {

LOGGER.error("connect tcp server host = {},port = {} fail",HOST,PORT);

}

/**

* 向服务器发送消息

public void sendMessage(Object msg) throws InterruptedException {

if (channel != null) {

channel.writeAndFlush(msg).sync();

}else {

LOGGER.warn("消息发送失败，连接尚未建立");

}

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;

import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;

import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;

import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Component

public class ClientChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer {

@Autowired

ClientChannelHandler clientChannelHandler;

@Override

protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {

ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();

pipeline.addLast("idleStateHandler",

new IdleStateHandler(15,0,0, TimeUnit.MINUTES));

pipeline.addLast(new StringDecoder(),new StringEncoder());

pipeline.addLast("clientChannelHandler",clientChannelHandler);

}

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;

import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component

@ChannelHandler.Sharable

public class ClientChannelHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler

private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ClientChannelHandler.class);

@Override

protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, Object msg) throws Exception {

LOGGER.info("Netty tcp client receive msg : " + msg);

}

启动类

import com.netty.client.NettyTcpClient;

import com.netty.server.NettyTcpServer;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication

public class StartApplication implements CommandLineRunner {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

SpringApplication.run(StartApplication.class, args);

}

@Autowired

NettyTcpServer nettyTcpServer;

@Autowired

NettyTcpClient nettyTcpClient;

/**

* Callback used to run the bean.

* @param args incoming main method arguments

* @throws Exception on error

@Override

public void run(String... args) throws Exception {

ChannelFuture start = nettyTcpServer.start();

nettyTcpClient.connect();

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

nettyTcpClient.sendMessage("hello world "+i);

}

start.channel().closeFuture().syncUninterruptibly();

}

使用循环让客户端向服务端发送10条数据

运行结果

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\bin\java.exe" -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1 -noverify -Dspring.output.ansi.enabled=always -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dspring.jmx.enabled=true -Dspring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain -Dspring.application.admin.enabled=true "-javaagent:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.1.1\lib\idea_rt.jar=62789:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.1.1\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\sqljdbc4-4.0.0.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\Java Code\testmaven15netty\target\classes;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter\2.3.0.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot\2.3.0.RELEASE\spring-boot-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\spring-context\5.2.6.RELEASE\spring-context-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\spring-aop\5.2.6.RELEASE\spring-aop-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\spring-beans\5.2.6.RELEASE\spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\spring-expression\5.2.6.RELEASE\spring-expression-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\2.3.0.RELEASE\spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-logging\2.3.0.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-logging-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.2.3\logback-classic-1.2.3.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.2.3\logback-core-1.2.3.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.30\slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-to-slf4j\2.13.2\log4j-to-slf4j-2.13.2.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-api\2.13.2\log4j-api-2.13.2.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\slf4j\jul-to-slf4j\1.7.30\jul-to-slf4j-1.7.30.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\jakarta\annotation\jakarta.annotation-api\1.3.5\jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\spring-core\5.2.6.RELEASE\spring-core-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\spring-jcl\5.2.6.RELEASE\spring-jcl-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\yaml\snakeyaml\1.26\snakeyaml-1.26.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\io\netty\netty-all\4.1.31.Final\netty-all-4.1.31.Final.jar" com.netty.StartApplication

. ____ _ __ _ _

/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \

( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \

\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )

' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /

=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/

:: Spring Boot :: (v2.3.0.RELEASE)

2021-07-13 08:32:17.161 INFO 18068 --- [ main] com.netty.StartApplication : Starting StartApplication on LAPTOP-H9JFQJGF with PID 18068 (D:\Java Code\testmaven15netty\target\classes started by huangzixiao in D:\Java Code\testmaven15netty)

2021-07-13 08:32:17.165 INFO 18068 --- [ main] com.netty.StartApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default

2021-07-13 08:32:18.371 INFO 18068 --- [ main] com.netty.StartApplication : Started StartApplication in 1.706 seconds (JVM running for 2.672)

2021-07-13 08:32:18.931 INFO 18068 --- [ main] com.netty.server.NettyTcpServer : Netty tcp server start success,port=7000

2021-07-13 08:32:19.016 INFO 18068 --- [ main] com.netty.client.NettyTcpClient : connect tcp server host = 127.0.0.1,port = 7000 success

2021-07-13 08:32:19.078 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : tcp client /127.0.0.1:52653 connect success

2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 0

2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 1

2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 0

2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 2

2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 1

2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 3

2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 2

2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 4

2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 3

2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 5

2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 4

2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 6

2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 5

2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 7

2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 6 response message hello world 7

2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 8

2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 8

2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 9

2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 9

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