Java Spring之@Async原理案例详解

网友投稿 296 2022-12-12

Java Spring之@Async原理案例详解

目录前言一、如何使用@Async二、源码解读总结

前言

用过Spring的人多多少少也都用过@Async注解,至于作用嘛,看注解名,大概能猜出来,就是在方法执行的时候进行异步执行。

一、如何使用@Async

使用@Async注解主要分两步:

1.在配置类上添加@EnableAsync注解

@ComponentScan(value = "com.wang")

@Configuration

@EnableAsync

public class AppConfig {

}

2.在想要异步执行的方法上面加上@Async

@Service

public class CycleService2 {

@Autowired

private CycleService1 cycleService1;

@Async

public void alsoDo() {

System.out.println("create cycleService2");

}

}

二、源码解读

1.@EnableAsync的作用

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)

@Documented

@Import(AsyncConfigurationSelector.class)

public @interface EnableAsync {

/**

* Indicate the 'async' annotation type to be detected at either class

* or method level.

*

By default, both Spring's @{@link Async} annotation and the EJB 3.1

* {@code @javax.ejb.Asynchronous} annotation will be detected.

*

This attribute exists so that developers can provide their own

* custom annotation type to indicate that a method (or all methods of

* a given class) should be invoked asynchronously.

* 此处说明的是方法执行变成异步,扫描的是哪个注解,目前默认的是Async和Asynchronous,开发者也可以自定义

*/

Class extends Annotation> annotation() default Annotation.class;

/**

* Indicate whether subclass-based (CGLIB) proxies are to be created as opposed

* to standard Java interface-based proxies.

*

Applicable only if the {@link #mode} is set to {@link AdviceMode#PROXY}.

*

The default is {@code false}.

*

Note that setting this attribute to {@code true} will affect all

* Spring-managed beans requiring proxying, not just those marked with {@code @Async}.

* For example, other beans marked with Spring's {@code @Transactional} annotation

* will be upgraded to subclass proxying at the same time. This approach has no

* negative impact in practice unless one is explicitly expecting one type of proxy

* vs. another — for example, in tests.

* 如何proxyTargetClass被设置成true,那么spring的所有proxy都会通过CGLIB方式实现,不再使用Java默认的基于接口的代理实现方式;而且此处如果设置,不仅仅是会影响添加了@Async注解的类的proxy方式,加了@Transactional的类也会变成CGLIB代理,不推荐修改;这个注解只有mode是默认的PROXY,才有意义

*/

boolean proxyTargetClass() default false;

/**

* Indicate how async advice should be applied.

*

The default is {@link AdviceMode#PROXY}.

* Please note that proxy mode allows for interception of calls through the proxy

* only. Local calls within the same class cannot get intercepted that way; an

* {@link Async} annotation on such a method within a local call will be ignored

* since Spring's interceptor does not even kick in for such a runtime scenario.

* For a more advanced mode of interception, consider switching this to

* {@link AdviceMode#ASPECTJ}.

* 代理方式的不同,默认的是使用Spring的proxy方式,也可以换成原生的AspectJ的proxy方式。

* 这两个的区别作用还是很明显的

*/

AdviceMode mode() default AdviceMode.PROXY;

/**

* Indicate the order in which the {@link AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor}

* should be applied.

*

The default is {@link Ordered#LOWEST_PRECEDENCE} in order to run

* after all other post-processors, so that it can add an advisor to

* existing proxies rather than double-proxy.

* 因为在beanPostProcessor执行的时候,会根据order值进行排序,此处设置为最低值,就是想让其最后执行

* 其实即使不设置这个值,因为AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor继承了ProxyProcessorSupport,ProxyProcessorSupport中的order默认也是最小优先级

*

*/

int order() default Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;

}

2. AsyncConfigurationSelector的作用

public class AsyncConfigurationSelector extends AdviceModeImportSelector {

private static final String ASYNC_EXECUTION_ASPECT_CONFIGURATION_CLASS_NAME =

"org.springframework.scheduling.aspectj.AspectJAsyncConfiguration";

/**

* Returns {@link ProxyAsyncConfiguration} or {@code AspectJAsyncConfiguration}

* for {@code PROXY} and {@code ASPECTJ} values of {@link EnableAsync#mode()},

* respectively.

*/

@Override

@Nullable

public String[] selectImports(AdviceMode adviceMode) {

switch (adviceMode) {

case PROXY:

return new String[] {ProxyAsyncConfiguration.class.getName()};

case ASPECTJ:

return new String[] {ASYNC_EXECUTION_ASPECT_CONFIGURATION_CLASS_NAME};

default:

return null;

}

}

}

看过我之前博客的同学应该知道,其实此处就是往Spring容器中增加一个新的需要扫描的类,很明显可以看到差别主要集中在adviceMode的差别上。

3. adviceMode:PROXY(默认值)

引入了ProxyAsyncConfiguration配置类

3.1 ProxyAsyncConfiguration

@Configuration

@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)

public class ProxyAsyncConfiguration extends AbstractAsyncConfiguration {

@Bean(name = TaskManagementConfigUtils.ASYNC_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)

@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)

public AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor asyncAdvisor() {

Assert.notNull(this.enableAsync, "@EnableAsync annotation metadata was not injected");

AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor bpp = new AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor();

bpp.configure(this.executor, this.exceptionHandler);

Class extends Annotation> customAsyncAnnotation = this.enableAsync.getClass("annotation");

if (customAsyncAnnotation != AnnotationUtils.getDefaultValue(EnableAsync.class, "annotation")) {

bpp.setAsyncAnnotationType(customAsyncAnnotation);

}

bpp.setProxyTargetClass(this.enableAsync.getBoolean("proxyTargetClass"));

bpp.setOrder(this.enableAsync.getNumber("order"));

return bpp;

}

}

作用也很明显,就是往spring容器中添加了AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor类

3.2 AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor

public class AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor extends AbstractBeanFactoryAwareAdvisingPostProcessor {

// 删除了一些无关紧要,或者默认不会设置的属性

public AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor() {

setBeforeExistingAdvisors(true);

}

/**

* 因为AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor实现了BeanFactoryAware接口

* 所以在实例化的过程中执行到initializeBean步骤的时候,里面第一步就是执行各种实现了Aware接口的接口方法

* 在此处new了一个advisor。advisor简单理解就是:advice+pointcut

* @param beanFactory

*/

@Override

public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) {

super.setBeanFactory(beanFactory);

AsyncAnnotationAdvisor advisor = new AsyncAnnotationAdvisor(this.executor, this.exceptionHandler);

if (this.asyncAnnotationType != null) {

advisor.setAsyncAnnotationType(this.asyncAnnotationType);

}

advisor.setBeanFactory(beanFactory);

this.advisor = advisor;

}

}

其实可以看到最重要的方法,就是setBeanFactory了,该方法是在AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor的生命周期最后一步initializeBean里面的第一小步,也就是执行所有Aware接口的时候执行。

对于AOP来说,其实最主要的就是advice+pointcut,也就是advisor,在生命周期的这一步,也创建了advisor。

3.3 AsyncAnnotationAdvisor

public AsyncAnnotationAdvisor(

@Nullable Supplier executor, @Nullable Supplier exceptionHandler) {

Set> asyncAnnotationTypes = new LinkedHashSet<>(2);

/**

* 这儿设置符合pointCut需要的注解

* 此处的executor就是一个扩展点,如果不想用spring的默认单线程线程池,可以自定义一个线程池

* exceptionHandler,顾名思义,就是我们的方法在线程池中执行时抛出exception该如何handle使用的

* advice也就是咱们的interceptor

* pointCut就不多解释了,就是把设置符合什么条件会进行intehttp://rceptor的invoke方法

*/

asyncAnnotationTypes.add(Async.class);

try {

asyncAnnotationTypes.add((Class extends Annotation>)

ClassUtils.forName("javax.ejb.Asynchronous", AsyncAnnotationAdvisor.class.getClassLoader()));

}

catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {

// If EJB 3.1 API not present, simply ignore.

}

this.advice = buildAdvice(executor, exceptionHandler);

this.pointcut = buildPointcut(asyncAnnotationTypes);

}

可以看到最主要的工作就是buildAdvice和buildPointcut。advice的作用是定义在方法执行方面,该如何执行;pointcut的作用是定义方法的范围

3.3.1 buildAdvice

protected Advice buildAdvice(

@Nullable Supplier executor, @Nullable Supplier exceptionHandler) {

// new了一个interceptor

AnnotationAsyncExecutionInterceptor interceptor = new AnnotationAsyncExecutionInterceptor(null);

interceptor.configure(executor, exceptionHandler);

return interceptor;

}

可以看到advice主要就是定义了一个烂机器interceptor,在方法执行的时候进行一些拦截,至于executor,是方法执行器,默认为null,exceptionHandler也默认是null。

3.3.1.1 AnnotationAsyncExecutionInterceptor,异步执行的原理

在AnnotationAsyncExecutionInterceptor的父类AsyncExecutionInterceptor中,实现了拦截器的接口方法invoke,也就是真实的方法执行逻辑。

/**

* Intercept the given method invocation, submit the actual calling of the method to

* the correct task executor and return immediately to the caller.

* @param invocation the method to intercept and make asynchronous

* @return {@link Future} if the original method returns {@code Future}; {@code null}

* otherwise.

*/

@Override

@Nullable

public Object invoke(final MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {

Class> targetClass = (invocation.getThis() != null ? AopUtils.getTargetClass(invocation.getThis()) : null);

Method specificMethod = ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(invocation.getMethod(), targetClass);

final Method userDeclaredMethod = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(specificMethod);

/**获取一个任务执行器

* 1. 从@Async注解里面获取配置的任务执行器

* 2. 从Spring容器中找TaskExecutor类的bean

* 3. 从spring容器中获取名为"taskExecutor"的bean,

* 4. 如果还没有,new SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor())

*/

AsyncTaskExecutor executor = determineAsyncExecutor(userDeclaredMethod);

if (executor == null) {

throw new IllegalStateException(

"No executor specified and no default executor set on AsyncExecutionInterceptor either");

}

//将当前方法执行封装成一个callable对象,然后放入到线程池里

Callable task = () -> {

try {

Object result = invocation.proceed();

if (result instanceof Future) {

return ((Future>) result).get();

}

}

catch (ExecutionException ex) {

handleError(ex.getCause(), userDeclaredMethod, invocation.getArguments());

}

catch (Throwable ex) {

handleError(ex, userDeclaredMethod, invocation.getArguments());

}

return null;

};

//任务提交

return doSubmit(task, executor, invocation.getMethod().getReturnType());

}

可以看到主要做的事情是:

寻找任务执行器:

从@Async注解里面获取配置的任务执行器

从Spring容器中找TaskExecutor类的bean

从spring容器中获取名为"taskExecutor"的bean,

如果还没有,new SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor())可以看到其实我们是可以给@Async进行任务执行器的配置的。

将具体的方法封装成callable的对象,然后doSubmit

此处我们就看一下默认的doSumit,使用的SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor是如何实现的

最终会执行到下面这个doExecute方法,默认情况下threadFactory是null,所以默认情况下,我们的方法,每次都是被创建了一个新的守护线程来进行方法的执行。

protected void doExecute(Runnable task) {

Thread thread = (this.threadFactory != null ? this.threadFactory.newThread(task) : createThread(task));

thread.start();

}

3.3.1.2 自定义任务执行器

可以在配置类里new SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor(),然后setThreadFactory,这样修改了默认线程的产生方式

比较主流的方式是,定义一个ThreadPoolTaskExecutor,也就是线程池任务执行器,可以进行线程复用

3.3.2 buildPointcut

/**

* Calculate a pointcut for the given async annotation types, if any.

* @param asyncAnnotationTypes the async annotation types to introspect

* @rzKMRAHleturn the applicable Pointcut object, or {@code null} if none

*/

protected Pointcut buildPointcut(Set> asyncAnnotationTypes) {

ComposablePointcut result = null;

for (Class extends Annotation> asyncAnnotationType : asyncAnnotationTypes) {

// 就是根据这两个匹配器进行匹配的

// 检查类上是否有@Async注解

Pointcut cpc = new AnnotationMatchingPointcut(asyncAnnotationType, true);

//检查方法上是否有@Async注解

Pointcut mpc = new AnnotationMatchingPointcut(null, asyncAnnotationType, true);

if (result == null) {

result = new ComposablePointcut(cpc);

}

else {

// 取并集:类上加了@Async或者类的方法上加了@Async

result.union(cpc);

}

result = result.union(mpc);

}

return (result != null ? result : Pointcut.TRUE);

}

主要方法就是定义了一个类匹配pointcut和一个方法匹配pointcut。

4 什么时候判断进行advice的添加呢

当然就是在对某个bean进行proxy的判断的时候,也就是bean的生命周期最后一步,也是initializeBean里最后的一步,对于BeanPostProcessor的执行

3.4.1 AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#postProcessAfterInitialization

要注意的是AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor的postProcessAfterInitialization方法其实是继承的是父类AbstractAdvisingBeanPostProcessor的。

@Override

public Object posthttp://ProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) {

// 没有通知,或者是AOP的基础设施类,那么不进行代理

if (this.advisor == null || bean instanceof AopInfrastructureBean) {

// Ignore AOP infrastructure such as scoped proxies.

return bean;

}

// 对已经被代理的类,不再生成代理,只是将通知添加到代理类的逻辑中

// 这里通过beforeExistingAdvisors决定是将通知添加到所有通知之前还是添加到所有通知之后

// 在使用@Async注解的时候,beforeExistingAdvisors被设置成了true,

// @Async注解之所以把beforeExistingAdvisors设置为true,是因为该advisor和其他的advisor差别太大了,从情理上讲,也应该第一个执行

// 意味着整个方法及其拦截逻辑都会异步执行

if (bean instanceof Advised) {

Advised advised = (Advised) bean;

// 判断bean是否符合该advisor的使用范围,通过pointcut来判断

if (!advised.isFrozen() && isEligible(AopUtils.getTargetClass(bean))) {

// Add our local Advisor to the existing proxy's Advisor chain...

if (this.beforeExistingAdvisors) {

advised.addAdvisor(0, this.advisor);

}

else {

advised.addAdvisor(this.advisor);

}

return bean;

}

}

// 如果还不是一个代理类,也需要通过eligible来判断是否符合使用该advisor的条件

if (isEligible(bean, beanName)) {

ProxyFactory proxyFactory = prepareProxyFactory(bean, beanName);

if (!proxyFactory.isProxyTargetClass()) {

evaluateProxyInterfaces(bean.getClass(), proxyFactory);

}

proxyFactory.addAdvisor(this.advisor);

customizeProxyFactory(proxyFactory);

return proxyFactory.getProxy(getProxyClassLoader());

}

// No proxy needed.

return bean;

}

而在isEligible中,就是判断当前执行生命周期的bean是否满足我们的@Async注解的使用范围,主要是通过其class来判断

protected boolean isEligible(Class> targetClass) {

Boolean eligible = this.eligibleBeans.get(targetClass);

if (eligible != null) {

return eligible;

}

if (this.advisor == null) {

return false;

}

// 其实就是判断类是否可以进行添加该advisor,也就是判断是否符合该advisor的使用条件

// 就是把advisor的pointCut拿出来,pointCut里的classMatcher和methodMatcher拿出来对类及其方法进行判断

eligible = AopUtils.canApply(this.advisor, targetClass);

this.eligibleBeans.put(targetClass, eligible);

return eligible;

}

具体的AopUtils.canApply(this.advisor, targetClass)逻辑就不写了,就是根据pointcut里设置的classFilter和methodMatcher类判断当前bean的class是否需要进行该advisor的使用。

总结

发现@Async注解还是挺麻烦的,特别是要写一篇简单易懂的博客,更难。

默认配置实现原理:在执行的时候将method最终封装成一个Runable对象,然后new一个线程,通过线程的start方法,进行method的执行,来实现异步。

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