linux环境安装python3的环境(包含setuptools,pip)

linux环境安装python3的环境(包含setuptools,pip)

date 20191125 周一在linux 6.5上安装 python3.7.3 的环境因为我们的mac上的环境为：(base) majihuideMacBook-Pro:~ majihui$ python -VPython 3.7.3

接下来，在我的本地测试环境上 安装 python3.7.3[root@templatec6 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.5 (Final)王金灿给我的 python 的 编译环境 linux上 linux centos6.5和centos7 都是可以的

例如centos 先创建好编译需要的环境 yum groupinstall "Development tools" -y yum install zlib-devel -y yum install openssl-devel -y yum install libffi-devel -y 执行命令下载源码，编译，安装。 [root@templatec6 opt]# wget https://python.org/ftp/python/3.7.3/Python-3.7.3.tgz [root@templatec6 opt]# tar -zxvf Python-3.7.3.tgz [root@templatec6 opt]# ll total 22444 drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root 4096 Oct 29 15:53 gitlab drwxr-xr-x 18 501 501 4096 Mar 26 2019 Python-3.7.3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22973527 Mar 26 2019 Python-3.7.3.tgz [root@templatec6 opt]# cd Python-3.7.3 [root@templatec6 Python-3.7.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.7.3 接下来执行 make make install

[root@templatec6 Python-3.7.3]# ls -l /usr/local/ total 48 drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Nov 5 15:59 apache-tomcat-9.0.8 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 etc drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 include drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 lib drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 lib64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 libexec drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Nov 25 17:06 python3.7.3 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 sbin drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Jul 27 16:00 share drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 src [root@templatec6 bin]# python -V Python 2.6.6 [root@templatec6 bin]# ln -s /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3 [root@templatec6 bin]# python3 -V Python 3.7.3

接下来安装 安装 setuptools,pip 什么是setuptools setuptools是Python distutils增强版的集合，它可以帮助我们更简单的创建和分发Python包，尤其是拥有依赖关系的。用户在使用setuptools创建的包时，并不需要已安装setuptools，只要一个启动模块即可。 Python pip 安装与使用 python中pip是什么? pip是一个以Python计算机程序语言写成的软件包管理系统，他可以安装和管理软件包，另外不少的软件包也可以在“Python软件包索引”（英语：Python Package Index，简称PyPI）中找到。 命令行接口 pip的其中一个主要特点就是其方便使用的命令行接口，这让用户可以透过以下的一句文字命令来轻易地安装Python软件包： python中pip是什么 基本上是 setuptools,pip 就类似于 rpm 和 yum的关系 一般情况下 pip 去install 安装

安装 setuptoolswget setuptools-36.6.0.zip cd setuptools-36.6.0python setup.py install // /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin/python3 setup.py install

官方地址为 [root@templatec6 opt]# wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ab/41/ab6ae1937191de0c9cbc115d0e91e335f268aa1cd85524c86e5970fdb68a/setuptools-42.0.0.zip [root@templatec6 opt]# unzip setuptools-42.0.0.zip [root@templatec6 opt]# cd setuptools-42.0.0 [root@templatec6 setuptools-42.0.0]# ll total 232 -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 1669 Nov 23 19:53 bootstrap.py -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 147065 Nov 23 19:53 CHANGES.rst -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 537 Nov 23 19:53 conftest.py drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 25 17:20 docs -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 126 Nov 23 19:53 easy_install.py -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 10338 Nov 23 19:53 launcher.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 1078 Nov 23 19:53 LICENSE -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 497 Nov 23 19:53 MANIFEST.in -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 1640 Nov 23 19:53 msvc-build-launcher.cmd -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 1514 Nov 23 19:53 pavement.py -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 3563 Nov 23 19:53 PKG-INFO drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Nov 25 17:20 pkg_resources -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 426 Nov 23 19:53 pytest.ini -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 1850 Nov 23 19:53 README.rst -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 1713 Nov 23 19:53 setup.cfg -rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 5990 Nov 23 19:53 setup.py drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Nov 25 17:20 setuptools drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 25 17:20 setuptools.egg-info -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 663 Nov 23 19:53 towncrier_template.rst -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 1757 Nov 23 19:53 tox.ini [root@templatec6 setuptools-42.0.0]# which python /usr/bin/python [root@templatec6 setuptools-42.0.0]# which python3 /usr/bin/python3 [root@templatec6 setuptools-42.0.0]# python3 setup.py install ... ... ... creating dist creating 'dist/setuptools-42.0.0-py3.7.egg' and adding 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' to it removing 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' (and everything under it) Processing setuptools-42.0.0-py3.7.egg Copying setuptools-42.0.0-py3.7.egg to /usr/local/python3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages Adding setuptools 42.0.0 to easy-install.pth file Installing easy_install script to /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin Installing easy_install-3.7 script to /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin Installed /usr/local/python3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools-42.0.0-py3.7.egg Processing dependencies for setuptools==42.0.0 Finished processing dependencies for setuptools==42.0.0

安装pip

安装pip下载地址：-zxvf pip-9.0.1.tar.gzcd pip-9.0.1python setup.py install // /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin/python3 setup.py install

[root@templatec6 opt]# wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ce/ea/9b445176a65ae4ba22dce1d93e4b5fe182f953df71a145f557cffaffc1bf/pip-19.3.1.tar.gz [root@templatec6 opt]# tar zxvf pip-19.3.1.tar.gz [root@templatec6 opt]# cd pip-19.3.1 [root@templatec6 pip-19.3.1]# ll total 160 -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 users 20110 Oct 18 03:32 AUTHORS.txt drwxr-xr-x 4 1000 users 4096 Oct 18 16:16 docs -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 users 1090 Jul 18 17:11 LICENSE.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 users 755 Sep 30 05:36 MANIFEST.in -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 users 103735 Oct 18 04:18 NEWS.rst -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 users 3688 Oct 18 16:16 PKG-INFO -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 users 919 Sep 30 05:36 pyproject.toml -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 users 2130 Jul 22 21:35 README.rst -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 users 662 Oct 18 16:16 setup.cfg -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 users 2722 Oct 18 16:15 setup.py drwxr-xr-x 4 1000 users 4096 Oct 18 16:16 src [root@templatec6 pip-19.3.1]# python3 setup.py install ... ... ... creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying src/pip.egg-info/PKG-INFO -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying src/pip.egg-info/SOURCES.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying src/pip.egg-info/dependency_links.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying src/pip.egg-info/entry_points.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying src/pip.egg-info/not-zip-safe -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying src/pip.egg-info/top_level.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO creating dist creating 'dist/pip-19.3.1-py3.7.egg' and adding 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' to it removing 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' (and everything under it) Processing pip-19.3.1-py3.7.egg creating /usr/local/python3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip-19.3.1-py3.7.egg Extracting pip-19.3.1-py3.7.egg to /usr/local/python3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages Adding pip 19.3.1 to easy-install.pth file Installing pip script to /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin Installing pip3 script to /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin Installing pip3.7 script to /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin Installed /usr/local/python3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip-19.3.1-py3.7.egg Processing dependencies for pip==19.3.1 Finished processing dependencies for pip==19.3.1

[root@templatec6 pip-19.3.1]# find / -name "pip"/opt/pip-19.3.1/build/lib/pip/opt/pip-19.3.1/src/pip/opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/python3.4/site-packages/pip/opt/Python-3.7.3/Tools/msi/pip/usr/local/python3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/usr/local/python3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip-19.3.1-py3.7.egg/pip/usr/local/python3.7.3/bin/pip[root@templatec6 pip-19.3.1]# which pip/usr/bin/which: no pip in (/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_151/bin:/root/bin)[root@templatec6 pip-19.3.1]# /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin/pip --versionpip 19.3.1 from /usr/local/python3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip-19.3.1-py3.7.egg/pip (python 3.7)

接下来安装 virtualenv 安装这个的目的是 创建虚拟环境 每个项目每个项目用独立的环境 //在开发Python应用程序的时候，系统安装的Python3只有一个版本：3.4。所有第三方的包都会被pip安装到Python3的site-packages目录下。

如果我们要同时开发多个应用程序，那这些应用程序都会共用一个Python，就是安装在系统的Python 3。如果应用A需要jinja 2.7，而应用B需要jinja 2.6怎么办？

这种情况下，每个应用可能需要各自拥有一套“独立”的Python运行环境。virtualenv就是用来为一个应用创建一套“隔离”的Python运行环境。参考链接： Linux安装pip和setuptools Linux下Python环境部署 opt]# cd /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin/ [root@templatec6 bin]# ll total 21592 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 25 17:06 2to3 -> 2to3-3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 113 Nov 25 17:06 2to3-3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 404 Nov 25 17:26 easy_install -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 412 Nov 25 17:26 easy_install-3.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 25 17:06 idle3 -> idle3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 111 Nov 25 17:06 idle3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 365 Nov 25 17:31 pip -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 367 Nov 25 17:31 pip3 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 371 Nov 25 17:31 pip3.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 25 17:06 pydoc3 -> pydoc3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 96 Nov 25 17:06 pydoc3.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 25 17:06 python3 -> python3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 11033390 Nov 25 17:05 python3.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Nov 25 17:06 python3.7-config -> python3.7m-config -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 11033390 Nov 25 17:05 python3.7m -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3103 Nov 25 17:06 python3.7m-config lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Nov 25 17:06 python3-config -> python3.7-config lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 25 17:06 pyvenv -> pyvenv-3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 453 Nov 25 17:06 pyvenv-3.7 [root@templatec6 bin]# /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin/pip install virtualenv WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available. WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/virtualenv/ WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/virtualenv/ WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/virtualenv/ WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/virtualenv/ WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/virtualenv/ Could not fetch URL There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/virtualenv/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement virtualenv (from versions: none) ERROR: No matching distribution found for virtualenv WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available. Could not fetch URL There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping // 报错的意思是没找到，需要配置国内的pip的源 [global] index-url = 使用pip安装完包后，只需再执行一次命令pip install xx，就会显示安装路径 使用pip freeze命令可以查看安装了那些包 用这个，是金灿给我的 [global] index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple [install] trusted-host = pypi.douban.com 参考链接 ： pip国内源设置方法 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 我的实际操作为： [root@templatec6 .pip]# pwd /root/.pip [root@templatec6 .pip]# cat pip.conf [global] index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple [install] trusted-host = pypi.douban.com 也可以写成腾讯云的 [root@mjh ~]# cd .pip [root@mjh .pip]# ll total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 101 Mar 19 02:07 pip.conf [root@mjh .pip]# cat pip.conf [global] index-url = http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/pypi/simple trusted-host = mirrors.tencentyun.com [root@templatec6 .pip]# /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin/pip install virtualenv Looking in indexes: http://pypi.douban.com/simple Collecting virtualenv Downloading (3.4MB) |████████████████████████████████| 3.4MB 341kB/s Installing collected packages: virtualenv WARNING: The script virtualenv is installed in '/usr/local/python3.7.3/bin' which is not on PATH. Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location. Successfully installed virtualenv-16.7.8 [root@templatec6 bin]# pwd /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin [root@templatec6 bin]# ll total 21596 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 25 17:06 2to3 -> 2to3-3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 113 Nov 25 17:06 2to3-3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 404 Nov 25 17:26 easy_install -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 412 Nov 25 17:26 easy_install-3.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 25 17:06 idle3 -> idle3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 111 Nov 25 17:06 idle3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 365 Nov 25 17:31 pip -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 367 Nov 25 17:31 pip3 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 371 Nov 25 17:31 pip3.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 25 17:06 pydoc3 -> pydoc3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 96 Nov 25 17:06 pydoc3.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 25 17:06 python3 -> python3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 11033390 Nov 25 17:05 python3.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Nov 25 17:06 python3.7-config -> python3.7m-config -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 11033390 Nov 25 17:05 python3.7m -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3103 Nov 25 17:06 python3.7m-config lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Nov 25 17:06 python3-config -> python3.7-config lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 25 17:06 pyvenv -> pyvenv-3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 453 Nov 25 17:06 pyvenv-3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 209 Nov 25 17:51 virtualenv // 这个就下载好了 创建一个 python 的 虚拟环境 [root@templatec6 bin]# /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin/virtualenv /opt/python_test Using base prefix '/usr/local/python3.7.3' New python executable in /opt/python_test/bin/python3 Also creating executable in /opt/python_test/bin/python Installing setuptools, pip, wheel... done. [root@templatec6 bin]# cd /opt/python_test/ [root@templatec6 python_test]# ll total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 25 18:02 bin drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 25 18:02 include drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 25 18:02 lib lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Nov 25 18:02 lib64 -> lib [root@templatec6 python_test]# cd bin/ [root@templatec6 bin]# ll total 10828 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2205 Nov 25 18:02 activate -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1424 Nov 25 18:02 activate.csh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3089 Nov 25 18:02 activate.fish -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1751 Nov 25 18:02 activate.ps1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1517 Nov 25 18:02 activate_this.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1146 Nov 25 18:02 activate.xsh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 242 Nov 25 18:02 easy_install -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 242 Nov 25 18:02 easy_install-3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 229 Nov 25 18:02 pip -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 229 Nov 25 18:02 pip3 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 229 Nov 25 18:02 pip3.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 25 18:02 python -> python3 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11033390 Nov 25 18:02 python3 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 25 18:02 python3.7 -> python3 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2334 Nov 25 18:02 python-config -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 220 Nov 25 18:02 wheel [root@templatec6 bin]# pwd /opt/python_test/bin [root@templatec6 bin]# /opt/python_test/bin/pip --version pip 19.3.1 from /opt/python_test/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7) [root@templatec6 bin]# /opt/python_test/bin/python -V Python 3.7.3 [root@templatec6 bin]# cd /tmp/ [root@templatec6 tmp]# ll total 8 drwx------. 2 git git 4096 Oct 30 20:21 gitaly-ruby899036078 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 25 18:13 pycharm_project_455 [root@templatec6 pycharm_project_455]# pwd /tmp/pycharm_project_455 [root@templatec6 pycharm_project_455]# ll total 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21 Nov 25 15:49 hello.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3769 Jul 30 21:15 launcher drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 25 18:14 venv [root@templatec6 pycharm_project_455]# /opt/python_test/bin/python hello.py hello world [root@templatec6 bin]# source /opt/python_test/bin/activate (python_test) [root@templatec6 bin]# python -V Python 3.7.3 (python_test) [root@templatec6 bin]# which python /opt/python_test/bin/python (python_test) [root@templatec6 bin]# python /tmp/pycharm_project_455/hello.py hello world

当服务器上没有配置pip源的话我们可以手动的指定 例如：pip install sqlalchemy-drill -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple

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