kubernetes之Kubeadm快速安装v1.12.0版

kubernetes之Kubeadm快速安装v1.12.0版

通过Kubeadm只需几条命令即起一个单机版kubernetes集群系统，而后快速上手k8s。在kubeadm中，需手动安装Docker和kubeket服务，Docker运行容器引擎，kubelet是启动Pod的核心组件，每一个节点都安装好kubelet和Docker，那么运行容器和Pod的环境就准备好了，在此基础之上，使用Kubeadm工具自动配置kubelet并启动kubelet服务，将Master所有组件和Node上剩余的kube-proxy组件都运行为Pod，托管在k8s之上。

服务器规划

三台机器：一台master、两个Node：

k8s-master：10.3.1.20 k8s-node01：10.3.1.21 k8s-node02：10.3.1.25 OS：Ubuntu16.04 Docker：17.03.2-ce

安装前准备

1、master节点到各Node节点SSH免密登录。2、时间同步。3、各Node必须关闭swap：swapoff -a，否则kubelet启动失败。4、各节点主机名和IP加入/etc/hosts解析

安装Docker

所有k8s节点安装Docker Daemon：

apt-get update apt-get install \ apt-transport-\ ca-certificates \ curl \ software-properties-common curl -fsSL | sudo apt-key add - apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88 add-apt-repository \ "deb [arch=amd64] \ $(lsb_release -cs) \ stable" apt-get update ## 列出可安装的Docker版本 apt-cache madison docker-ce apt-get install -y docker-ce=17.03.2~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial

安装完Docker后，设置FORWARD规则为ACCEPT

#默认为DROP iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT

安装kubeadm工具

所有节点都需要安装kubeadm

apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-curl curl -s | apt-key add - echo 'deb kubernetes-xenial main' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list apt-get update apt-get install -y kubeadm #它会自动安装kubeadm、kubectl、kubelet、kubernetes-cni、socat

默认情况下，将会安装当前kubernetes最新版本的kubeadm，也可以安装指定版本的kubeadm

apt install kubeadm=1.11.3-00

kubeadm init 安装的kubernetes是哪个版本，取决于 kubeadm 的版本，两者默认且必须一致。

安装完后，设置kubelet服务开机自启：

systemctl enable kubelet

必须设置Kubelet开机自启动，才能让k8s集群各组件在系统重启后自动运行。

部署集群

有了上面这些基础设置后，就可以开始用kubeadm init部署k8s集群了。

在k8s-master上操作

这一步之前确保swap已关闭。

kubeadm init -h可查看帮助信息：

root@k8s-master:~# kubeadm init -h ##查看init可用的参数，这里使用这两个参数： --pod-network-cidr string ： 自定义Pod网络 --ignore-preflight-errors strings： 忽略一些错误

开始初始化集群

root@k8s-master:~# kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr 192.168.0.0/16 --ignore-preflight-errors=all

输出如下信息：

#初始化kubernetes，Kubeadm默认安装当前最新版本kubernetes [init] using Kubernetes version: v1.12.0 #安装之前检测当前是否符合k8s运行环境，因为忽略了所有错误所以这里很快就通过了。 [preflight] running pre-flight checks [preflight/images] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster [preflight/images] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection [preflight/images] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull' #写入kubelet相关配置文件，并启动kubelet服务 [kubelet] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env" [kubelet] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml" [preflight] Activating the kubelet service #自动生成集群用到的证书 [certificates] Generated front-proxy-ca certificate and key. [certificates] Generated front-proxy-client certificate and key. [certificates] Generated etcd/ca certificate and key. [certificates] Generated etcd/server certificate and key. [certificates] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master localhost] and IPs [127.0.0.1 ::1] [certificates] Generated apiserver-etcd-client certificate and key. [certificates] Generated etcd/peer certificate and key. [certificates] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master localhost] and IPs [10.3.1.20 127.0.0.1 ::1] [certificates] Generated etcd/healthcheck-client certificate and key. [certificates] Generated ca certificate and key. [certificates] Generated apiserver-kubelet-client certificate and key. [certificates] Generated apiserver certificate and key. [certificates] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 10.3.1.20] [certificates] valid certificates and keys now exist in "/etc/kubernetes/pki" [certificates] Generated sa key and public key. #生成kubelet配置信息写入相应的文件 [kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" [kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" [kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf" [kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf" #生成pod清单文件，kubelet将根据此清单文件创建各组件的Pod [controlplane] wrote Static Pod manifest for component kube-apiserver to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml" [controlplane] wrote Static Pod manifest for component kube-controller-manager to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml" [controlplane] wrote Static Pod manifest for component kube-scheduler to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml" [etcd] Wrote Static Pod manifest for a local etcd instance to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml" #根据清单目录开始启动Pod [init] waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as Static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests" [init] this might take a minute or longer if the control plane images have to be pulled [apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 20.003530 seconds [uploadconfig] storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace [kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.12" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster #给Master设置一个labele且设置一个taint [markmaster] Marking the node k8s-master as master by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''" [markmaster] Marking the node k8s-master as master by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule] #集群的一些基础设置 [patchnode] Uploading the CRI Socket information "/var/run/dockershim.sock" to the Node API object "k8s-master" as an annotation #设置了一个引导令牌，在节点加入时使用 [bootstraptoken] using token: mwfr7m.57rmd56ghjyu0716 [bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials [bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token [bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster [bootstraptoken] creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace [addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS [addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy #提示master已初始化成功 Your Kubernetes master has initialized successfully! To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user: #需要执行下面三条命令 mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster. Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/ You can now join any number of machines by running the following on each node as root: kubeadm join 10.3.1.20:6443 --token mwfr7m.57rmd56ghjyu0716 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8fbd33519b0203e9aa03cc882cb5489b5e6ad455f97581b1abf8ceb1dca8f622 #把上面kubeadm join这一句话把这个记录下来，否则以后找起来有点麻烦，在node端加入时用到。

初始化完成，一台Master节点就部署好了，初始化过程中需要一定时间来pull镜像，也可以使用下面的命令提前下载好镜像：

root@k8s-master:~# kubeadm config images pull [config/images] Pulled k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.12.0 [config/images] Pulled k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.12.0 [config/images] Pulled k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.12.0 [config/images] Pulled k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.12.0 [config/images] Pulled k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 [config/images] Pulled k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.2.24 [config/images] Pulled k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.2.2 # root@k8s-master:~# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver v1.12.0 ab60b017e34f 16 hours ago 194 MB k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager v1.12.0 07e068033cf2 16 hours ago 164 MB k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler v1.12.0 5a1527e735da 16 hours ago 58.3 MB k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy v1.12.0 9c3a9d3f09a0 16 hours ago 96.6 MB k8s.gcr.io/etcd 3.2.24 3cab8e1b9802 7 days ago 220 MB k8s.gcr.io/coredns 1.2.2 367cdc8433a4 4 weeks ago 39.2 MB k8s.gcr.io/pause 3.1 da86e6ba6ca1 9 months ago 742 kB

根据提示执行： root@k8s-master:~# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube root@k8s-master:~# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config root@k8s-master:~# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config 在Node上操作 在所有Node上使用kubeadm join加入集群：

#确保swap已关闭 #复制在master节点上记录下的那句话，以加入集群 root@k8s-node01:~# kubeadm join 10.3.1.20:6443 --token mwfr7m.57rmd56ghjyu0716 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8fbd33519b0203e9aa03cc882cb5489b5e6ad455f97581b1abf8ceb1dca8f622

输出如下信息：

#加入时也会做一些预检 [preflight] running pre-flight checks [WARNING RequiredIPVSKernelModulesAvailable]: the IPVS proxier will not be used, because the following required kernel modules are not loaded: [ip_vs_rr ip_vs_wrr ip_vs_sh ip_vs] or no builtin kernel ipvs support: map[ip_vs:{} ip_vs_rr:{} ip_vs_wrr:{} ip_vs_sh:{} nf_conntrack_ipv4:{}] you can solve this problem with following methods: 1. Run 'modprobe -- ' to load missing kernel modules; 2. Provide the missing builtin kernel ipvs support [discovery] Trying to connect to API Server "10.3.1.20:6443" [discovery] Created cluster-info discovery client, requesting info from "https://10.3.1.20:6443" [discovery] Requesting info from "again to validate TLS against the pinned public key [discovery] Cluster info signature and contents are valid and TLS certificate validates against pinned roots, will use API Server "10.3.1.20:6443" [discovery] Successfully established connection with API Server "10.3.1.20:6443" [kubelet] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.12" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace [kubelet] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml" [kubelet] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env" [preflight] Activating the kubelet service [tlsbootstrap] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap... [patchnode] Uploading the CRI Socket information "/var/run/dockershim.sock" to the Node API object "k8s-node01" as an annotation This node has joined the cluster: * Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received. * The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details. Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the master to see this node join the cluster.

init完后，节点已加入群集。

最后，在master节点查看：

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl get node NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION k8s-master NotReady master 6m39s v1.12.0 k8s-node01 NotReady 4m31s v1.12.0 k8s-node02 NotReady 97s v1.12.0

去除master的taint，使用master也能被调度pod

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl taint nodes k8s-master node-role.kubernetes.io/master- node/k8s-master untainted

安装CNI插件

各Node节点处于"NotReady" ，需要安装一个CNI网络插件：

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.1/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/kubeadm/1.7/calico.yaml configmap/calico-config configured daemonset.extensions/calico-etcd created service/calico-etcd created daemonset.extensions/calico-node created deployment.extensions/calico-kube-controllers created clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-cni-plugin created clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-cni-plugin created serviceaccount/calico-cni-plugin created clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created serviceaccount/calico-kube-controllers unchanged root@k8s-master:~#

几分钟后，各Node全部Ready：

#各节点已正常运行 root@k8s-master:~# kubectl get node NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION k8s-master Ready master 1h v1.12.0 k8s-node01 Ready 1h v1.12.0 k8s-node02 Ready 1h v1.12.0

至此，所有组件全部运行：

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl get pod -n kube-system NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE calico-etcd-d7v6w 1/1 Running 0 3m21s calico-kube-controllers-75fb4f8996-dg7hd 1/1 Running 0 3m20s calico-node-794nd 2/2 Running 0 3m19s calico-node-b852z 2/2 Running 0 3m19s calico-node-z7f4n 2/2 Running 0 3m19s coredns-576cbf47c7-7svmm 1/1 Running 0 15h coredns-576cbf47c7-kzbv2 1/1 Running 0 15h etcd-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 15h kube-apiserver-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 15h kube-controller-manager-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 15h kube-proxy-7n5z9 1/1 Running 0 15h kube-proxy-rwq9g 1/1 Running 0 15h kube-proxy-v7qnx 1/1 Running 0 15h kube-scheduler-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 15h root@k8s-master:~#

测试集群

配置kubectl的命令补全功能命令补全功能由安装包"bash-completion"提供，Ubuntu系统中默认已安装。 当前shell生效： source <(kubectl completion bash) 永久生效： echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc 启动一个pod验证集群是否正常运行。

#run一个deployment kubectl run -h Usage: kubectl run NAME --image=image [--env="key=value"] [--port=port] [--replicas=replicas] [--dry-run=bool] [--overrides=inline-json] [--command] -- [COMMAND] [args...] [options]

启动一个nginx

kubectl run nginx --image=nginx:1.10 --port=80 deployment.apps/nginx created #查看 root@k8s-master:~# kubectl get pod -w -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE nginx-787b58fd95-p9jwl 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 59s k8s-node02 nginx-787b58fd95-p9jwl 1/1 Running 0 70s 192.168.58.193 k8s-node02

测试nginx正常访问 root@k8s-master:~# curl -I 192.168.58.193 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.10.3 Date: Sat, 29 Sep 2018 02:42:06 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 612 Last-Modified: Tue, 31 Jan 2017 15:01:11 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5890a6b7-264" Accept-Ranges: bytes 把nginx暴露一个端口出来，以使集群之外能访问 kubectl expose -h Usage: kubectl expose (-f FILENAME | TYPE NAME) [--port=port] [--protocol=TCP|UDP|SCTP] [--target-port=number-or-name] [--name=name] [--external-ip=external-ip-of-service] [--type=type] [options] root@k8s-master:~# kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=801 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort --name nginx-svc service/nginx-svc exposed root@k8s-master:~# 查看服务： root@k8s-master:~# kubectl get svc NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 16h nginx-svc NodePort 10.100.84.207 801:30864/TCP 25s

现在可以访问任意Node的30864端口访问到nginx服务：

root@k8s-node01:~# curl 10.3.1.21:30864

如果发现哪个某个Node端口无法访问，则设置默认FORWARD规则为ACCEPT

iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT

kubeadm集群配置到此完成，可参考官方文档

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