VRRP:虚拟路由器冗余协议
VRRP:虚拟路由器冗余协议
虚拟路由器冗余协议工作在网络层,通过组播地址:224.0.0.18发送,TTL为255,协议号:112
工作原理:一组路由器(同一个lan中的接口)协同工作,但只有一个处于Master状态,处于该状态的路由器(的接口)承担实际的数据流量转发任务,在一个VRRP组内的多个路由器接口共用一个虚拟IP地址,该地址被作为局域网内所有主机的缺省网管地址。
VRRP术语:
1. VRRP路由器:
VRRP路由器,运行VRRP的路由器,一台VRRP路由器(的接口)可以同时参与到多个VRRP组中,在不同的组中,一台VRRP路由器可以充当不通的角色。
2. VRRP组:
一个VRRP组由多个VRRP路由器组成,使用相同的VRID(Vritual Router ID虚拟路由器ID)进行标识,属于同一个VRRP组的VRRP路由器互相交换信息,每一个VRRP组中只能有一个Master。
3. 虚拟路由器:
对于每一个VRRP组,抽象出来的一个逻辑路由器,该路由器充当网络用户的网关,该路由器并非真实存在的,事实上对用户而言,只需要知道虚拟路由器的IP,至于具体的虚拟路由器由谁来承担,数据转发任务由谁来承担,Masterg故障后谁来接替,这是VRRP的工作。
4. 虚拟IP地址:
就是虚拟路由器的IP地址,该地址实际上就是用户的网关地址。
5. 虚拟MAC地址:
虚拟路由器根据VRID生成的MAC地址,一个虚拟路由器拥有一个虚拟MAC地址,有固定格式,为:00-00-5E-00-01-{VRID}。
6. Master路由器:
Master路由器:在VRRP组中,实际转发数据包的路由器,在每一个VRRP组中,仅有Master响应对虚拟IP地址的ARP请求。(1)Master路由器同时以一定的时间间隔发送VRRP消息,以便通知Backup路由器自己的存活状态。(2)以虚拟MAC地址响应其他设备对虚拟IP地址的ARP请求。(3)转发目的MAC地址为虚拟MAC地址的IP报文。(4)如果它是这个虚拟IP地址的拥有者(接口实际IP地址为虚拟IP地址),则接收目的IP地址为这个虚拟IP地址的IP报文,否则,丢弃这个IP报文。(5)如果收到比自己优先级大的报文,立即成为Backup.(6)如果收到与自己优先级相等的VRRP报文且本地接口IP地址小于对端接口IP,立即成为Backup。
7. Backup路由器:
Backup路由器是处于监听状态的路由器,一点Master路由器出现故障,Backup路由器就开始接替工作。(1)接受Master设备发送的VRRP通告报文,判断Master设备的状态是否正常。(2)对虚拟IP地址的ARP请求,不做响应。(3)丢弃目标IP地址为虚拟IP的IP报文(4)如果收到优先级和自己相同或者比自己大的报文,则重置Master_Down_Interval定时器,不进一步比较IP地址。(5)如果收到比自己优先级小的报文,且该报文优先级是0时,定时器时间设置为Skew_time(偏移时间)如果该报文优先级不是0,丢弃报文,立刻成为Master。
VRRP协议的配置
交换机SW3的配置:
sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys SW3
[SW3]un in en
[SW3]user-interface console 0
[SW3-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[SW3-ui-console0]q
[SW3]vlan batch 10 20
[SW3]int e0/0/1
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/1]p l a
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/1]p d v 10
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/1]un sh
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/1]dis th
#interface Ethernet0/0/1
port link-type access
port default vlan 10
#
return
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/1]int e0/0/2
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/2]p l a
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/2]p d v 20
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/2]un sh
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/2]dis th
#
interface Ethernet0/0/2
port link-type access
port default vlan 20
#
return
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/2]int e0/0/3
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/3]p l t
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/3]p t a v a
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/3]un sh
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/3]dis th
#
interface Ethernet0/0/3
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
#
return
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/3]int e0/0/4
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/4]p l t
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/4]p t a v a
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/4]un sh
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/4]dis th
#
interface Ethernet0/0/4
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
#
return
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/4]q
[SW3]
交换机SW1的配置:
sys
[Huawei]sys SW1
[SW1]un in en
[SW1]user-interface console 0
[SW1-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[SW1-ui-console0]q
[SW1]vlan batch 10 20
[SW1]interface Vlanif 10
[SW1-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.10.1 24
[SW1-Vlanif10]interface Vlanif 20
[SW1-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.20.200 24
[SW1-Vlanif20]interface Vlanif 10
[SW1-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.10.100 24
[SW1-Vlanif10]dis th
#
interface Vlanif10
ip address 192.168.10.100 255.255.255.0
#
return
[SW1-Vlanif10]q
[SW1]vlan 30
[SW1-vlan30]q
[SW1]interface Vlanif 30
[SW1-Vlanif30]ip add 13.0.0.1 24
[SW1-Vlanif30]dis th
#
interface Vlanif30
ip address 13.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
return
[SW1-Vlanif30]q
[SW1]int g0/0/2
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p l a
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p d v 30
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]un sh
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dis th
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
port link-type access
port default vlan 30
#
return
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[SW1]int g0/0/1
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l t
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p t a v a
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un sh
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dis th
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
#
return
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[SW1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 13.0.0.2
[SW1]int vl
[SW1]int Vlanif 10 ###网关接口(三层交换为VLAN接口,路由为下行接口)
[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.10.1 ==//创建VRRP虚拟路由器的标识VRID为1,并配置VRID 1的虚拟IP地址==
[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 priority 120 ==//设置设备A的优先级为120(缺省值为100),数值越大越优先==
[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 preempt-mode timer delay 5
==//配置Master设备的抢占时延为5秒(缺省值为0,立即抢占),以防频繁地进行状态切换
==
[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 reduced 30 ==//跟踪上行接口G0/0/1的状态,如端口故障则Master优先级降低30(缺省值为10)==
[SW1-Vlanif10]q
[SW1]dis vrrp == //显示VRRP状态==
Vlanif10 | Virtual Router 10
State : Master
Virtual IP : 192.168.10.1
Master IP : 192.168.10.100
PriorityRun : 120
PriorityConfig : 120
MasterPriority : 120
Preempt : YES Delay Time : 5 s
TimerRun : 1 s
TimerConfig : 1 s
Auth type : NONE
Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-010a
Check TTL : YES
Config type : normal-vrrp
Track IF : GigabitEthernet0/0/2 Priority reduced : 30
IF state : UP
Create time : 2021-10-19 15:39:39 UTC-08:00
Last change time : 2021-10-19 15:39:43 UTC-08:00
[SW1]int Vlanif 20
[SW1-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.20.1
[SW1-Vlanif20]q
[SW1]
交换机SW2的配置:
sys
[Huawei]sys SW2
[SW2]un in en
[SW2]user-interface console 0
[SW2-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[SW2-ui-console0]q
[SW2]vlan b 10 20 30
[SW2]int Vlanif 10
[SW2-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.10.200 24
[SW2-Vlanif10]int Vlanif 20
[SW2-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.20.200 24
[SW2-Vlanif20]int Vlanif 30
[SW2-Vlanif30]ip add 23.0.0.1 24
[SW2-Vlanif30]dis th
#
interface Vlanif30
ip address 23.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
return
[SW2-Vlanif30]q
[SW2]int g0/0/1
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l t
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p t a v a
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un sh
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dis th
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
#
return
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p l a
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p d v 30
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]un sh
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dis th
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
port link-type access
port default vlan 30
#
return
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[SW2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 23.0.0.2
[SW2]int Vlanif 20
[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.20.1
[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 priority 120
[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 preempt-mode timer delay 5
[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 ==//追踪上行接口的状态,以便最早发现借口是否断掉==
[SW2-Vlanif20]dis th
#
interface Vlanif20
ip address 192.168.20.200 255.255.255.0
vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.20.1
vrrp vrid 20 priority 120
vrrp vrid 20 preempt-mode timer delay 5
vrrp vrid 20 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
#
return
[SW2-Vlanif20]q
[SW2]dis vrrp
Vlanif20 | Virtual Router 20
State : Master
Virtual IP : 192.168.20.1
Master IP : 192.168.20.200
PriorityRun : 120
PriorityConfig : 120
MasterPriority : 120
Preempt : YES Delay Time : 5 s
TimerRun : 1 s
TimerConfig : 1 s
Auth type : NONE
Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0114
Check TTL : YES
Config type : normal-vrrp
Track IF : GigabitEthernet0/0/2 Priority reduced : 10
IF state : UP
Create time : 2021-10-19 15:32:02 UTC-08:00
Last change time : 2021-10-19 15:32:05 UTC-08:00
[SW2]int Vlanif 10
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.10.1
[SW2-Vlanif10]q
[SW2]dis vrrp
Vlanif10 | Virtual Router 10
State : Backup
Virtual IP : 192.168.10.1
Master IP : 192.168.10.100
PriorityRun : 100
PriorityConfig : 100
MasterPriority : 120
Preempt : YES Delay Time : 0 s
TimerRun : 1 s
TimerConfig : 1 s
Auth type : NONE
Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-010a
Check TTL : YES
Config type : normal-vrrp
Create time : 2021-10-19 15:42:16 UTC-08:00
Last change time : 2021-10-19 15:42:16 UTC-08:00
Vlanif20 | Virtual Router 20
State : Master
Virtual IP : 192.168.20.1
Master IP : 192.168.20.200
PriorityRun : 120
PriorityConfig : 120
MasterPriority : 120
Preempt : YES Delay Time : 5 s
TimerRun : 1 s
TimerConfig : 1 s
Auth type : NONE
Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0114
Check TTL : YES
Config type : normal-vrrp
Track IF : GigabitEthernet0/0/2 Priority reduced : 10
IF state : UP
Create time : 2021-10-19 15:32:02 UTC-08:00
Last change time : 2021-10-19 15:32:05 UTC-08:00
[SW2]
路由器R1的配置:
sys
[Huawei]sys R1
[R1]un in en
[R1]user-interface console 0
[R1-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[R1-ui-console0]q
[R1]int g0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 13.0.0.2 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]un sh
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 23.0.0.2 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un sh
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R1]int LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 30.0.0.1 24
[R1-LoopBack0]q
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 13.0.0.1
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 13.0.0.1
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 23.0.0.1 preference 70 ==//设置备用路由,默认优先级为60,只要比默认数值大就变成备用了==
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 23.0.0.1 preference 70
[R1]
版权声明:本文内容由网络用户投稿,版权归原作者所有,本站不拥有其著作权,亦不承担相应法律责任。如果您发现本站中有涉嫌抄袭或描述失实的内容,请联系我们jiasou666@gmail.com 处理,核实后本网站将在24小时内删除侵权内容。
暂时没有评论,来抢沙发吧~