单臂路由和三层路由
单臂路由和三层路由
单臂路由
4、单臂路由的缺陷:(1)“单臂”为网络骨干链路,容易形成网络瓶颈。(2)子接口依然依托于物理接口,应用不灵活。(3)VLAN间转发需要查看路由表,严重浪费设备资源。
子接口:路由器的物理接口可以分化为多个逻辑接口,每一个子接口对应一个VLAN网段网关。
单臂路由的配置:
交换机的配置:
sys
[Huawei]sys SW1
[SW1]un in en
[SW1]user-interface console 0
[SW1-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[SW1-ui-console0]q
[SW1]vlan b 10 20
[SW1]int e0/0/1
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]p l a
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]p d v 10
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]un sh
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]dis th
#
interface Ethernet0/0/1
port link-type access
port default vlan 10
#
return
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]int e0/0/2
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]p l a
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]p d v 20
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]un sh
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]dis th
#
interface Ethernet0/0/2
port link-type access
port default vlan 20
#
return
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]int e0/0/3
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]p l t
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]p t a v a
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]un sh
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]dis th
#
interface Ethernet0/0/3
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
#
return
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]q
[SW1]
路由器R1的配置:
[Huawei]sys R1
[R1]UN IN EN
[R1]user-interface console 0
[R1-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[R1-ui-console0]q
[R1]int g0/0/0.10
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10
#
return
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]ip add 192.168.10.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]un sh
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10
ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
#
return
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]dot1q termination vid 10 ==//分成子接口==
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]arp broadcast enable
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10
dot1q termination vid 10
ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
arp broadcast enable
#
return
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]q
[R1]int g0/0/0.20
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]dot1q termination vid 20
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]ip add 192.168.20.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]un sh
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]arp broadcast enable
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20
dot1q termination vid 20
ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
arp broadcast enable
#
return
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]q
[R1]dis ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 3
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 unassigned up down
GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10 192.168.10.1/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20 192.168.20.1/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 unassigned down down
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[R1]
三层交换机
三层交换技术可以实现VLAN之间通信,三层交换机具有路由功能,每个VLAN的虚接口就是该网段的网关。
数据在传输时,当三层交换机接收到第一个数据包时,由三层引擎来处理,会拆分原数据帧,重新封装新的源MAC和目的MAC地址,并且因为帧头部发生变化,最后的帧校验CRC也应当随之变化。第一个包之后,在硬件中创建一个MLS条目,用于后续数据包由硬件执行重新封装和快速转发。2层数据帧会被重新封装为需要转发的下一个网段的帧格式。这个过程就是MLS的“一次路由,多次交换”的原理。
基于CEF(一种基于拓扑转发的模型)的MLS,其关键是两张转发信息表,1、转发信息库(FIB)与路由表一一对应,是路由表的一个镜像。路由更新时,FIB随之变化,其中包含邻接主机的IP地址和VLAN ID的对应关系。2、邻接关系表中包含邻接主机和交换机MAC地址的对应关系,用来提供二层重写信息。
三层交换机配置VLAN接口的虚接口的配置:
SW2配置:
SYS
[Huawei]SYS SW2
[SW2]un in en
[SW2]user-interface console 0
[SW2-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[SW2-ui-console0]q
[SW2]int e0/0/1
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/1]q
[SW2]v b 10 20 30
[SW2]int e0/0/1
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/1]p l a
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/1]p d v 10
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/1]un sh
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/1]dis th
#
interface Ethernet0/0/1
port link-type access
port default vlan 10
#
return
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/1]q
[SW2]int e0/0/2
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]p l a
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]p d v 20
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]un sh
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]dis th
#
interface Ethernet0/0/2
port link-type access
port default vlan 20
#
return
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]int e0/0/3
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/3]p l a
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/3]p d v 30
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/3]un sh
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/3]dis th
#
interface Ethernet0/0/3
port link-type access
port default vlan 30
#
return
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/3]int e0/0/4
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/4]p l t //交换机和交换机相连要设置成trunk模式
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/4]p t a v a //允许所有vlan的数据通过
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/4]un sh
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/4]dis th
#
interface Ethernet0/0/4
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
#
return
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/4]q
[SW2]
SW1配置:
sys
[Huawei]sys SW1
[SW1]un in en
[SW1]user-interface console 0
[SW1-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[SW1-ui-console0]q
[SW1]v b 10 20 30
[SW1]int Vlanif 10 ==//在虚拟vlan接口上配置地址==
[SW1-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.10.1 24
[SW1-Vlanif10]int Vlanif 20
[SW1-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.20.1 24
[SW1-Vlanif20]int Vlanif 30
[SW1-Vlanif30]ip add 192.168.30.1 24
[SW1-Vlanif30]q
[SW1]int g0/0/1
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l t
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p t a v a
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un sh
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dis th
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
#
return
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[SW1]
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