Dockerfile制作镜像实战

Dockerfile制作镜像实战

[root@docker sshd]# vim Dockerfile #基础镜像 FROM centos:7 #用户信息 MAINTAINER this is sshd project #基于基础镜像系统更新，软件安装 RUN yum -y update RUN yum -y install openssh* net-tools lsof telnet passwd #设置用户密码 RUN echo '123456' | passwd --stdin root #关闭PAM认证 RUN sed -i 's/UsePAM yes/UsePAM no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config #添加非对称密钥 RUN ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key #关闭pam会话模块 RUN sed -i '/^session\s\+requied\s\+pam_loginuid.so/s/^/#/' /etc/pam.d/sshd #创建ssh工作目录，设置权限 RUN mkdir -p /root/.ssh && chown root.root /root && chmod 700 /root/.ssh #设置端口号 EXPOSE 22 #启动容器时执行操作 CMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd","-D"]

2.创建镜像

[root@docker sshd]# docker build -t sshd:new . [root@docker sshd]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE sshd new 43e794cf8abd 19 seconds ago 585MB centos 7 5e35e350aded 5 months ago 203MB

3.创建容器验证

[root@docker sshd]# docker run -d -P sshd:new [root@docker sshd]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 99cd8001ff28 sshd:new "/usr/sbin/sshd -D" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:32768->22/tcp compassionate_beaver #宿主机使用ssh登陆容器 [root@docker sshd]# ssh localhost -p 32768 The authenticity of host '[localhost]:32768 ([::1]:32768)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:DND5bet+Io1sjjiKpNS6BvoeJC+YD07ejhRcp7s8VtQ. RSA key fingerprint is MD5:a4:0e:3d:5a:18:1e:b2:17:85:f6:df:a5:ce:ab:d2:82. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '[localhost]:32768' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@localhost's password: [root@2a9bcdd7681f ~]#

二、创建systemctl镜像创建完成sshd镜像后，无法使用systemctl status sshd命令查看ssh状态，可以根据sshd的镜像添加systemctl功能1.编写Dockerfile文件

[root@docker systemctl]# vim Dockerfile #基础镜像 FROM sshd:new #设置环境变量 ENV container docker #进入指定目录，用for循环遍历目录下所有文件并删除指定文件 RUN (cd /lib/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/; for i in *; do [ $i == \ systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service ] || rm -f $i; done); \ rm -f /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/*; \ rm -f /etc/systemd/system/*.wants/*; \ rm -f /lib/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/*; \ rm -f /lib/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/*udev*; \ rm -f /lib/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/*initctl*; \ rm -f /lib/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/*; \ rm -f /lib/systemd/system/anaconda.target.wants/*; #挂载宿主机的cgrups卷，以便执行容器 VOLUME ["/sys/fs/cgroup"] #执行初始化命令 CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]

2.创建镜像

[root@docker systemctl]# docker build -t systemctl:new . [root@docker systemctl]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE systemctl new b029bbbd8a6b 9 minutes ago 585MB sshd new 4b69240205be 33 minutes ago 585MB centos 7 5e35e350aded 5 months ago 203MB

3.创建容器验证

[root@docker systemctl]# docker run --privileged -it -v /sys/fs/cgroup/:/sys/fs/cgroup:ro systemctl:new /sbin/init [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d98f478ccaf3 systemctl:new "/sbin/init" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 22/tcp practical_fermat [root@docker ~]# docker exec -it d98f478ccaf3 bash #可正常使用systemctl命令查看 [root@d98f478ccaf3 /]# systemctl status sshd ● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) Docs: man:sshd(8) man:sshd_config(5)

三、创建nginx镜像（手工编译）1.编写dockerfile文件

[root@docker nginx]# vim Dockerfile #基础镜像 FROM centos:7 #用户信息 MAINTAINER This is Nginx test #基于基础镜像系统更新，环境包安装 RUN yum -y update RUN yum -y install make gcc gcc-c++ pcre-devel zlib-devel tar #创建nginx用户 RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx #上传nginx软件包，解压(使用ADD选项可以直接解压上传的包) COPY nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /opt/ RUN tar zxvf /opt/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /opt #在指定目录下，开始编译安装nginx WORKDIR /opt/nginx-1.12.2/ RUN ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module RUN make && make install #设置环境变量 ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH #指定端口 EXPOSE 80 #修改Nginx配置文件，以非daemon方式启动 RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #添加运行脚本，设置权限 ADD run.sh /run.sh RUN chmod 755 /run.sh #指定容器开启时执行的脚本 CMD ["/run.sh"]

2.编写run.sh启动脚本，将nginx软件包上传

[root@docker nginx]# vim run.sh #!/bin/bash /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

3.创建镜像

[root@docker nginx]# docker build -t nginx:new . [root@docker nginx]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx new 24b44e614799 14 seconds ago 585MB centos 7 5e35e350aded 5 months ago 203MB

4.创建容器验证

#创建容器，随机生成映射端口 [root@docker nginx]# docker run -d -P nginx:new #查看容器及映射的端口号 [root@docker nginx]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b51160232ad8 nginx:new "/run.sh" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:32775->80/tcp sad_rhodes

[root@docker tomcat]# vim Dockerfile #基础镜像 FROM centos:7 #用户信息 MAINTAINER Tomcat test #基于基础镜像更新系统 RUN yum -y update #安装java环境包 COPY jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm /opt/ RUN rpm -ivh /opt/jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm #设置java的环境变量 ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64 ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar ENV PATH $JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH #安装tomcat ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz /opt/tomcat RUN mv /opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.16/ /usr/local/tomcat #指定端口 EXPOSE 8080 #指定容器启动时的操作，此处的ENTERYPOINT也可更换为CMD ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh","run"]

2.将所需安装包上传至当前目录下

[root@docker tomcat]# ls apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz Dockerfile jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm

3.镜像制作

[root@docker tomcat]# docker build -t tomcat:new . [root@docker tomcat]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE tomcat new 8b86bbc483a4 3 minutes ago 981MB centos 7 5e35e350aded 5 months ago 203MB

4.创建容器验证

[root@docker tomcat]# docker run -d -P tomcat:new [root@docker tomcat]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 3d94d5eddca0 tomcat:new "/usr/local/tomcat/b…" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:32776->8080/tcp optimistic_dubinsk

[root@docker mysql]# vim Dockerfile #基础镜像 FROM centos:7 #用户信息 MAINTAINER This is MySQL Project #基于基础镜像系统更新和环境包安装 RUN yum -y update RUN yum install -y ncurses-devel autoconf cmake gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel expat-devel pcre #添加mysql-5.6安装包 ADD mysql-5.6.26.tar.gz /opt #进入指定目录编译安装mysql WORKDIR /opt/mysql-5.6.26 RUN cmake \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ -DSYSCONFIDIR=/etc \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/mysql/ \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/home/mysql/mysql.sock RUN make && make install #添加mysql配置文件 RUN rm -f /etc/my.cnf RUN cp /opt/mysql-5.6.26/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf #添加mysql的启动脚本，设置权限 RUN cp /opt/mysql-5.6.26/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld RUN chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld #设置环境变量 ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin #创建mysql用户，更改mysql安装目录的权限 RUN useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/ #初始化数据库 RUN /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \ --user=mysql \ --ldata=/var/lib/mysql \ --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \ --datadir=/home/mysql #建立sock文件软连接，更改启动脚本文件 RUN ln -s /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /home/mysql/mysql.sock RUN sed -i '46 s/basedir=/basedir=\/usr\/local\/mysql/' /etc/init.d/mysqld RUN sed -i '47 s/datadir=/datadir=\/home\/mysql/' /etc/init.d/mysqld #指定端口 EXPOSE 3306 #指定容器启动时的操作 CMD ["mysqld_safe"]

2.将安装包上传到当前目录

[root@docker mysql]# ls Dockerfile mysql-5.7.26.tar.gz

3.创建镜像

[root@docker mysql]# docker build -t mysqld:new . [root@docker mysql]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysqld new 9b2703bd15c0 54 minutes ago 5.11GB centos 7 5e35e350aded 5 months ago 203MB

4.创建容器验证

[root@docker mysql]# docker run -d -P mysqld:new [root@docker mysql]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES fff4ac6a524f mysqld:new "mysqld_safe" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:32777->3306/tcp infallible_babbage #进入容器设置mysql的权限账户 [root@docker mysql]# docker exec -it fff4ac6a524f /bin/bash [root@fff4ac6a524f ~]# mysql -uroot -p mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456'; mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456'; #在宿主机安装mysql客户端测试验证 [root@docker mysql]# yum install mariadb -y [root@docker ~]# mysql -h 192.168.7.168 -uroot -p123456 -P 32777 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.26 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MySQL [(none)]>

总结：以上就是一些常用的Dockerfile创建镜像的案例，在使用Dockerfile创建镜像时，最重要就是编写dockerfile文件的过程，我们需要知道每一步操作的意义，而且要细心不能因为当中一些正则表达式的使用而出错。

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