Docker学习重点(3)~docker命令：帮助命令、镜像命令、容器命令、常用其他命令

Docker学习重点(3)~docker命令：帮助命令、镜像命令、容器命令、常用其他命令

一、帮助命令

docker version # 显示docker的基本信息docker info # 系统信息，镜像和容器的数量docker 命令 --help # 全部信息

官网文档：​​docker images搜索镜像 docker search 镜像名下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]删除镜像 docker rmi -f 镜像id删除所有镜像 docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)

1、查看所有镜像：docker images

查看所有本地主机上的镜像

[root@192 ~]# docker images

# 解释REPOSITORY # 镜像仓库源TAG # 镜像的标签IMAGE ID # 镜像的IDCREATED # 镜像的创建时间SIZE # 镜像的大小

--all , -a Show all images (default hides intermediate images) # 显示所有--digests Show digests--filter , -f Filter output based on conditions provided--format Pretty-print images using a Go template--no-trunc Don’t truncate output--quiet , -q Only show numeric IDs # 只显示id

2、搜索镜像：docker search

搜索仓库中的镜像，相当于网页搜索推荐到docker hub官网搜索：​​search mysql

docker search --help

设置搜索条件：

# 解释Options: -f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided --format string Pretty-print search using a Go template --limit int Max number of search results (default 25) --no-trunc Don't truncate output

docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000 # 搜索出Stars大于3000的

3、下载镜像：docker pull

版本到官网查看，官网：​​docker的精髓：​​分层下载​​ image的核心，联合文件系统

（1）下载镜像命令：docker pull 镜像名[:tag]

不写tag，默认是lasest

docker的精髓：​​分层下载​​

4、删除镜像：docker rmi

删除镜像命令：docker rmi 镜像id/镜像名称

# 删除一个 可以通过名称 也可以指定id -f表示强制docker rmi -f 9cfcce23593a# 删除多个 用空格分隔iddocker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id# 删除所有 docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # images -aq就是查所有镜像id，从而递归删除

三、容器命令

镜像创建运行一个docker容器实例 docker run [可选参数] image# 启动并进入容器docker run -it centos /bin/bash # 等价于：先run启动，然后通过exex /bin/bash 进入容器 docker run -it centos docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash查看运行的容器：docker ps [可选参数]退出容器：【停止容器】exit 【非停止容器】ctr+p+q删除容器：docker rm [可选参数] 容器id# 删除所有容器 -f 强制的docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)# 删除所有容器docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm启动、重启、停止、杀死容器：启动：docker start 容器id重启：docker restart 容器id停止：docker stop 容器id杀死：docker kill 容器id

1、案例：centos容器的测试

（1）下载centos 镜像

docker pull centos

（2）新建容器实例并启动

docker run [可选参数] image# 参数说明--name="Name" # 容器名字，用于区分容器-d 后台方式运行-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容-p 指定容器的端口 如-p 8080::8080 -p ip:主机端口：容器端口 -p 主机端口:容器端口（常用） -p 容器端口 -p 随机指定端口

# 测试，启动并进入容器docker run -it centos /bin/bash # 等价于：docker run -it centos docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash# 查看目录，查看容器内的centos，基本版本，很多命令都是不完善的！ls# 退出，从容器中退回主机exit

（3）查看运行的容器

# 查看正在运行的容器docker ps# 查看所有(包括曾经)运行的容器docker ps -a# 显示最近创建的容器，设置显示个数docker ps -a - n=? # 只显示容器的编号（容器id）docker ps -aq

[root@192 ~]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES[root@192 ~]# docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES9939864fa2e6 centos "bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago unruffled_knuth5f42e9930435 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago lucid_cannona89ddb393d3d bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 19 hours ago Exited (0) 19 hours ago gracious_bhabha[root@192 ~]# docker ps -a -n=2CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES9939864fa2e6 centos "bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago unruffled_knuth5f42e9930435 centos "/bin/bash" 10 minutes ago Exited (0) 7 minutes ago [root@192 ~]# docker ps -aq9939864fa2e65f42e9930435a89ddb393d3d

（4）退出容器

# 容器停止退出exit# 容器不停止退出 注意必须在英文输入法下，中文输入法不行Ctrl + P + Q

[root@192 ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash[root@bfcea13c40cd /]# [root@192 ~]# docker ps ##注意这里会自动给个命令，删掉CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESbfcea13c40cd centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute stoic_wilsonedbd9366d959 centos "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes affectionate_bartik[root@192 ~]# docker exec -it edbd9366d959 /bin/bash ## 再次进入[root@edbd9366d959 /]# exit ##停止并推出exit

（5）删除容器

# 删除指定容器 不能删除正在运行的容器，如果强制删除 rm -fdocker rm 容器id# 删除所有容器docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)# 删除所有容器docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm

[root@192 ~]# docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESbfcea13c40cd centos "/bin/bash" 29 minutes ago Up 29 minutes stoic_wilsonedbd9366d959 centos "/bin/bash" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes affectionate_bartik9939864fa2e6 centos "bin/bash" 48 minutes ago Exited (0) 48 minutes ago unruffled_knuth5f42e9930435 centos "/bin/bash" 52 minutes ago Exited (0) 49 minutes ago lucid_cannona89ddb393d3d bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 20 hours ago Exited (0) 20 hours ago gracious_bhabha[root@192 ~]# docker rm 5f42e99304355f42e9930435[root@192 ~]# docker rm edbd9366d959 # 注意正在运行的容器不能删除Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container edbd9366d9596c744dd449119269b04de2f2a494e7fc471f6396bcefd94c33fe. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove

[root@192 ~]# docker ps -aq # 所有容器idbfcea13c40cdedbd9366d9599939864fa2e6a89ddb393d3d[root@192 ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 全部删除bfcea13c40cdedbd9366d9599939864fa2e6a89ddb393d3d

（6）启动和停止/杀死容器的操作

docker startdocker restartdocker stopdocker kill

四、常用其他命令

后台启动docker命令：参数是 -ddocker run -d 镜像名/镜像id​​查看日志[没有报错信息或者报错信息不足以解决问题时，需要查看日志]：​​docker logsdocker logs [-f -t --tail n] 容器id查看进程(ps)： docker top 容器id查看正在运行的容器信息: docker inspect 容器id进入当前正在运行的容器 docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash从容器内拷贝文件到主机上 容器数据拷贝到主机: docker cp 容器id 宿主机的文件目录查看内容占用：docker stats

1、后台启动docker，参数是 -d

docker run -d 镜像名

问题：docker 容器使用后台运行，用docker ps 查看的时候 发现停止了原因：后台运行，docker发现前台没有，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，会立刻停止

2、查看日志

docker logsdocker logs -f -t --tail n 容器id

[root@192 ~]# docker logs --helpUsage: docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINERFetch the logs of a containerOptions: --details Show extra details provided to logs -f, --follow Follow log output --since string Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes) --tail string Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all") -t, --timestamps Show timestamps # 时间戳 --until string Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)

# 脚本while true;do echo shenzai;sleep

# 查看日志，由于没有运行脚本，所以啥也没显示[root@192 ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 c2887d35c71d^C # ctrl+c退出# 运行centos里面加个脚本[root@192 ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo shenzai;sleep 1;done"[root@192 ~]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMEScb6d7fbc3f27 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds # 查看日志 发现隔一秒打印一条[root@192 ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 cb6d7fbc3f27

3、查看运行的容器，查看容器中的进程信息 ps

top 命令，方便以后杀死进程命令：docker top 容器id

docker top 3cdbca722babUID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME root 24624 24603 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done

4、查看正在运行的容器信息（镜像元数据）：inspect

命令：docker inspect 容器id

[root@192 ~]# docker inspect cb6d7fbc3f27[ { # 容器的完整id "Id": "cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388", # 创建时间 "Created": "2020-06-17T12:00:50.706906186Z", # 脚本位置 "Path": "/bin/sh", # 运行的脚本 "Args": [ "-c", "while true;do echo shenzai;sleep 1;done" ], "State": { "Status": "running", # 状态，正在运行 "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 1909, # 父进程id "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2020-06-17T12:00:51.093617477Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, # 来源镜像 "Image": "sha256:831691599b88ad6cc2a4abbd0e89661a121aff14cfa289ad840fd3946f274f1f", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388-json.log", "Name": "/dreamy_almeida", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, # 主机配置 "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "Capabilities": null, "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "private", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "KernelMemory": 0, "KernelMemoryTCP": 0, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, # 其他配置 "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3675586ebbd79cd72d2562a90c9380627a331c563724c0dac091f92600af4907-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7f79322e0f58d651a84a555dadd83d92537788172525945d3f538dd95dce336c/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3675586ebbd79cd72d2562a90c9380627a331c563724c0dac091f92600af4907/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3675586ebbd79cd72d2562a90c9380627a331c563724c0dac091f92600af4907/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3675586ebbd79cd72d2562a90c9380627a331c563724c0dac091f92600af4907/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [], # 挂载 # 基本配置 "Config": { "Hostname": "cb6d7fbc3f27", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], # 基本环境变量，这里没有Java # 基本命令 "Cmd": [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "while true;do echo shenzai;sleep 1;done" ], "Image": "centos", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200611", "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2", "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image", "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0", "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS" } }, # 网卡，比如现在用的是桥接的网卡 "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "4d701985d7e77aa153790b697b2f38a61e20555c224b7675e4bf650b82799882", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": {}, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/4d701985d7e7", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "8a6c71e2bafb19ca7dfd85445ccc4bef6d17467360a243d624089e676a24a018", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "22b0fd2290ccbc4e066a75d3f01bd8bf32ee4352c5bbcfc9f911287219219571", "EndpointID": "8a6c71e2bafb19ca7dfd85445ccc4bef6d17467360a243d624089e676a24a018", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03", "DriverOpts": null } } } }]

5、进入当前正在运行的容器

命令：docker exec -it 容器id bashSHELL

● 区别：是否开启一个新的线程docker exec 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作(​​常用​​)docker attach 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的docker exec -it 容器id bashSHELL# 测试[root@192 ~]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESc2887d35c71d centos "/bin/bash" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes [root@192 ~]# docker exec -it c2887d35c71d /bin/bash[root@c2887d35c71d /]# lsbin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp vardev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr[root@c2887d35c71d /]# ps -efUID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMDroot 1 0 0 11:57 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bashroot 14 0 0 12:32 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bashroot 28 14 0 12:32 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef[root@c2887d35c71d /]# c2887d35c71d[root@c2887d35c71d /]# exitexit# 方式二[root@192 ~]# docker attach c2887d35c71d[root@c2887d35c71d /]#

6、从容器内拷贝文件到主机上 cp

# 运行[root@192 ~]# docker run -it centos# ctrl P Q 不关闭退出，查看[root@0569081aa89c /]# [root@192 ~]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES0569081aa89c centos "/bin/bash" 19 seconds ago Up 19 seconds hopeful_chebyshev# 查看主机home下无文件[root@192 ~]# cd /home[root@192 home]# ls# 进入正在运行的容器[root@192 home]# docker attach 0569081aa89c# 进入容器home目录[root@0569081aa89c /]# cd /home# 在目录中创建java文件[root@0569081aa89c home]# touch test.java# 退出并停止容器[root@0569081aa89c home]# exitexit# 查看现在运行的容器[root@192 home]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES# 容器虽然被停止，但是数据都会保留[root@192 home]# docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES0569081aa89c centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 seconds ago hopeful_chebyshevf589e5684a01 centos "/bin/bash" 44 minutes ago Exited (0) 44 minutes ago cranky_easleycb6d7fbc3f27 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 54 minutes ago Exited (137) 42 minutes ago dreamy_almeidac2887d35c71d centos "/bin/bash" 58 minutes ago Exited (127) 16 minutes ago vigorous_kare8ce188e5fee3 centos "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago tender_dirac7b1a7dd10ea4 centos "/bin/bash" 9 hours ago Exited (0) 9 hours ago fervent_mirzakhani# 容器数据拷贝到主机[root@192 home]# docker cp 0569081aa89c:/home/test.java /home[root@192 home]# lstest.java# 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术，可以实现自动同步 /home /home

7、查看内容占用 stats

docker stats

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作者：一乐乐​

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