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2022-10-19
Docker的安装与使用
Docker的安装与使用
目录
常用命令小结Docker in deepin
深度系统安装Docker
卸载之前的docker安装curl下载安装相关的部件安装docker-ce之准备环节
安装秘钥测试是否成功
安装docker-ce
安装docker官方仓库并更新本地软件仓库下载docker-ce并安装
配置阿里云镜像加速
配置daemon.json文件
配置命令遇到的问题重启docker
测试镜像hello-world
常用命令
帮助命令镜像命令
docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像docker search 搜索命令docker pull 镜像下载docker rmi 删除镜像
容器命令
新建容器并启动列出所有的运行容器退出容器删除容器启动和停止容器的操作
其他常用命令
后台启动容器查看日志命令查看容器中的进程信息查看镜像的元数据进入当前正在运行的容器从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker 常用命令小结docker in ubantu
docker 安装
第一步：删除之前的docker版本第二步：更新软件并安装相关配置第三步：添加docker的官方GPG密钥第四步：验证密钥第五步：添加镜像仓库（注意自己的ubantu系统版本）第六步：更新软件并安装docker-ce第七步：验证是否安装成功第八步：测试命令是否可以执行docker权限不够，解决办法：(添加用户到docker组，在需要议添加对用户下执行就可以)
docker设置国内镜像加速
常用命令小结
attach Attach to a runing container # 当前shell下attach连接指定运行镜像build Build an image from d Dockerfile # 通过Dockerfile 定制镜像commit Create a new image from a container changes # 提交当前容器为新的镜像cp Copy files/folders from the container filesystem to the host path # 从当前容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中create Create a new container # 创建一个新的容器，同run，但是不启动容器diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem # 查看docker容器变化events Get real time events from server # 从docker服务获取容器实时事件exec Run a command in an existing container # 在已存在的容器上运行命令export Stream the contents of a container as tar archive # 导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件[对应import]history Show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史images List images # 镜像列表import Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarball # 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统系统[对应export]info Display system-wide information on a container # 显示系统相关信息inspect Ruturn low-level information on a container # 查看容器详细信息kill Kill a runing container # kill指定docker容器load Load an image from a tar archive # 从一个tar包中加载一个镜像[对应save]login Register or login to the docker registry server # 注册或登录一个docker源服务器logout Log out from a Docker registry server # 从当前的Docker registry 退出logs Fetch the logs of a container # 输出指定容器的日志信息port Lookup the punlic-facing port ehich is NAT-ed PRIVATE_PORT # 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口pause Pause all processes within a container # 暂停容器ps list containers # 列出容器列表pull Pull an image or a registory from the docker registry server # 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像push Push an image or registory to the docker registry server # 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器restart # 重启一个在运行的容器rm # 移除一个或者多个容器rmi # 移除一个或多个镜像[镜像有容器运行时，不能删除，除非加-f强制删除]run # 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令save # 保存一个镜像为一个tar包[对应load]search # 在docker hub中搜索镜像start # 启动容器stop # 停止容器tag # 给源中镜像打标签top # 查看容器中运行的进程unpause # 取消暂停容器version # 查看docker版本号wait # 截取容器停止时的退出状态值
Docker in deepin
深度系统安装Docker
卸载之前的docker
sudo apt-get remove docker.io docker-engine
安装curl
deepin系统没有curl，需要手动安装。因为我们要安装docker-ce和密钥管理相关的工具，需要使用curl，所以使用下面的命令安装。
下载安装相关的部件
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-ca-certificates curl software-properties-commonPython相关的组件，目前的python-software-properties已经包含在software-properties-common。安装docker
安装docker-ce之准备环节
安装秘钥
curl -fsSL | sudo apt-key add -
测试是否成功
sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
注意这里命令是零不是o。
安装docker-ce
安装docker官方仓库并更新本地软件仓库
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] jessie stable"
输入此命令后报错了：
aptsources.distro.NoDistroTemplateException: Error: could not find a distribution template for Deepin/stable
错误解决：
sudo deepin-editor /etc/lsb-release
修改：
# DISTRIB_ID=Deepin# DISTRIB_RELEASE="15.11"# DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Deepin 15.11 "# DISTRIB_CODENAME=stableDISTRIB_ID=UbuntuDISTRIB_RELEASE=16.04DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS"DISTRIB_CODENAME=trusty
重新安装：
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] jessie stable"sudo apt-get update
下载docker-ce并安装
sudo apt-get install docker-ce
配置阿里云镜像加速
配置daemon.json文件
配置命令
sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
添加如下内容：
{ "registry-mirrors": ["service docker restart
可添加的其他源：
Docker中国区官方镜像服务systemctl restart dockerJob for docker.service failed because the control process exited with error code.See "systemctl status docker.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
查询遇到的问题：
sun@sun-PC:/etc/docker$ dockerdunable to configure the Docker daemon with file /etc/docker/daemon.json: the following directives don't match any configuration option: registry-mrrors
可以发现这里的json文件有问题，所以我修改了上面的json文件，结果如上面的文件，之后重启就成功了。相同的问题可能是其他的情况，如：
Linux内核有问题更多问题可以百度。
重启docker
systemctl restart docker
重启成功了！
测试镜像hello-world
sudo docker run hello-world
测试时，遇到一系列报错，我换了源，反复重启了docker，问题依然没有解决，最后使用命令开启docker服务。
sudo service docker start
常用命令
帮助命令
docker version # docker的版本信息docker info # docker的系统信息，包含了镜像和容器的信息docker '命令' --help # docker的帮助命令# 也可以进入官网查看命令的使用详情# reference地址：images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
sun@sun-PC:~/Desktop$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEhello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB# 解释REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源(名)TAG 镜像的标签IMAGE ID 镜像的IDCREATED 镜像的创建时间SIZE 镜像的大小---------------------------------------------------------------------------# 可选项Options: -a, --all 展示所有的镜像 --digests Show digests -f, --filter filter 根据条件过滤镜像 --format string Pretty-print images using a Go template --no-trunc Don't truncate output -q, --quiet 只显示镜像的ID---------------------------------------------------------------------------sun@sun-PC:~/Desktop$ docker images -aREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEhello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kBsun@sun-PC:~/Desktop$ docker images -aqbf756fb1ae65
docker search 搜索命令
sunxiaoqing@sunxiaoqing-PC:~/Desktop$ docker search mysqlNAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDmysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9682 [OK] mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3523 [OK] -----------------------------------------------------------------------------# 可选项# 搜索星在4000以上的Options: -f, --filter filter 按条件过滤 --format string Pretty-print search using a Go template --limit int Max number of search results (default 25) --no-trunc Don't truncate output------------------------------------------------------------------------------sunxiaoqing@sunxiaoqing-PC:~/Desktop$ docker search mysql --filter=stars=4000NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDmysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9682 [OK] # 这里的stars与STARS效果一样------------------------------------------------------------------------------
docker pull 镜像下载
# 直接下载，默认下载最新的版本，后面可以跟版本号指定版本sun@sun-PC:~/Desktop$ docker pull mysqlUsing default tag: latest # 如果不写tag，默认就是latest版本latest: Pulling from library/mysql8559a31e96f4: Pull complete # 下载的时候这一段是一直在变的--->分层下载：d51ce1c2e575: Pull complete # docker images的核心 联合文件系统c2344adc4858: Pull complete fcf3ceff18fc: Pull complete 16da0c38dc5b: Pull complete b905d1797e97: Pull complete 4b50d1c6b05c: Pull complete c75914a65ca2: Pull complete 1ae8042bdd09: Pull complete 453ac13c00a3: Pull complete 9e680cd72f08: Pull complete a6b5dc864b6c: Pull complete Digest: sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6 # 签名Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latestdocker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实的地址(这一句可能没有)# 下面两者等价docker pull mysqldocker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 指定版本下载sun@sun-PC:~/Desktop$ docker pull mysql:5.75.7: Pulling from library/mysql8559a31e96f4: Already exists # 下载latest版本时，这些片已经下载了d51ce1c2e575: Already exists c2344adc4858: Already exists fcf3ceff18fc: Already exists 16da0c38dc5b: Already exists b905d1797e97: Already exists 4b50d1c6b05c: Already exists d85174a87144: Pull complete a4ad33703fa8: Pull complete f7a5433ce20d: Pull complete 3dcd2a278b4a: Pull complete Digest: sha256:32f9d9a069f7a735e28fd44ea944d53c61f990ba71460c5c183e610854ca4854Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------sun@sun-PC:~/Desktop$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEmysql 5.7 9cfcce23593a 2 weeks ago 448MBmysql latest be0dbf01a0f3 2 weeks ago 541MBhello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
docker rmi 删除镜像
sun@sun-PC:~/Desktop$ docker rmi -f 镜像ID # 删除一个镜像sun@sun-PC:~/Desktop$ docker rmi -f 镜像ID 镜像ID 镜像ID 镜像ID # 删除多个镜像sun@sun-PC:~/Desktop$ docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部镜像
一般我们指定ID进行删除
sun@sun-PC:~/Desktop$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEmysql 5.7 9cfcce23593a 2 weeks ago 448MBmysql latest be0dbf01a0f3 2 weeks ago 541MBhello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kBsun@sun-PC:~/Desktop$ docker rmi be0dbf01a0f3Untagged: mysql:latestUntagged: mysql@sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6Deleted: sha256:be0dbf01a0f3f46fc8c88b67696e74e7005c3e16d9071032fa0cd89773771576Deleted: sha256:086d66e8d1cb0d52e9337eabb11fb9b95960e2e1628d90100c62ea5e8bf72306Deleted: sha256:f37c61ee1973b18c285d0d5fcf02da4bcdb1f3920981499d2a20b2858500a110Deleted: sha256:e40b8bca7dc63fc8d188a412328e56caf179022f5e5d5b323aae57d233fb1069Deleted: sha256:339f6b96b27eb035cbedc510adad2560132925a835f0afddbcc1d311c961c14bDeleted: sha256:d38b06cdb26a5c98857ddbc6ef531d3f57b00e325c0c314600b712efc7ff6ab0# 这里删除时，没有删除mysql:5.7的依赖，只删除mysql:latest版本的独立依赖----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------sunxiaoqing@sunxiaoqing-PC:~/Desktop$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEmysql 5.7 9cfcce23593a 2 weeks ago 448MBhello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kBsunxiaoqing@sunxiaoqing-PC:~/Desktop$ docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部镜像Untagged: mysql:5.7Untagged: mysql@sha256:32f9d9a069f7a735e28fd44ea944d53c61f990ba71460c5c183e610854ca4854Deleted: sha256:9cfcce23593a93135ca6dbf3ed544d1db9324d4c40b5c0d56958165bfaa2d46aDeleted: sha256:98de3e212919056def8c639045293658f6e6022794807d4b0126945ddc8324beDeleted: sha256:17e8b88858e400f8c5e10e7cb3fbab9477f6d8aacba03b8167d34a91dbe4d8c1Deleted: sha256:c04c087c2af9abd64ba32fe89d65e6d83da514758923de5da154541cc01a3a1eDeleted: sha256:ab8bf065b402b99aec4f12c648535ef1b8dc954b4e1773bdffa10ae2027d3e00Deleted: sha256:09687cd9cdf4c704fde969fdba370c2d848bc614689712bef1a31d0d581f2007Deleted: sha256:b704a4a65bf536f82e5d8b86e633d19185e26313de8380162e778feb2852011aDeleted: sha256:c37206160543786228aa0cce738e85343173851faa44bb4dc07dc9b7dc4ff1c1Deleted: sha256:12912c9ec523f648130e663d9d4f0a47c1841a0064d4152bcf7b2a97f96326ebDeleted: sha256:57d29ad88aa49f0f439592755722e70710501b366e2be6125c95accc43464844Deleted: sha256:b17c024283d0302615c6f0c825137da9db607d49a83d2215a79733afbbaeb7c3Deleted: sha256:13cb14c2acd34e45446a50af25cb05095a17624678dbafbcc9e26086547c1d74Untagged: hello-world:latestUntagged: hello-world@sha256:d58e752213a51785838f9eed2b7a498ffa1cb3aa7f946dda11af39286c3db9a9Deleted: sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6bsunxiaoqing@sunxiaoqing-PC:~/Desktop$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE# 没有镜像在本地了
容器命令
说明：只有有了镜像才可以创建容器，测试在deepin系统里下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos--------------------------------------------------------------------------------sun@sun-PC:~/Desktop$ docker pull centosUsing default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from library/centos6910e5a164f7: Pull complete Digest: sha256:4062bbdd1bb0801b0aa38e0f83dece70fb7a5e9bce223423a68de2d8b784b43bStatus: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image# 参数说明--name="NAME" 容器名字 sun1 sun2 用来区分容器-d 以后台方式运行-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容-p 指定容器的端口 如： -p 8080:8080 四种方式： -p 主机ip:主机端口：容器端口 -p 主机端口：容器端口 将主机端口映射到容器端口（常用） -p 容器端口 容器端口-P（大写） 随机指定端口----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 测试、启动并进入容器sun@sun-PC:~/Desktop$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEcentos latest 831691599b88 11 days ago 215MBsun@sun-PC:~/Desktop$ docker run -it /bin/bashdocker: invalid reference format.See 'docker run --help'.sun@sun-PC:~/Desktop$ docker run -it centos /bin/bash[root@707fbf5e8c87 /]# ls # 查看容器内的contos系统，基础版本，很多命令都不完善bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var[root@707fbf5e8c87 /]# exit # 退回主机exit----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
列出所有的运行容器
# docker ps命令-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器，并带出历史运行的容器-n=? # 列出最近创建的容器-aq # 只显示容器的编号----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------sun@-PC:~/Desktop$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEcentos latest 831691599b88 11 days ago 215MBsun@-PC:~/Desktop$ docker run -it /bin/bashdocker: invalid reference format.See 'docker run --help'.sun@sun-PC:~/Desktop$ docker run -it centos /bin/bash[root@707fbf5e8c87 /]# lsbin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var[root@707fbf5e8c87 /]# exitexitsun@sun-PC:~/Desktop$ cdsun@sun-PC:~$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESsun@sun-PC:~$ docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES707fbf5e8c87 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago zen_payneeae029c81ffc bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 12 hours ago Exited (0) 12 hours ago keen_grothendiecksun@sun-PC:~$ docker ps -n=1CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES707fbf5e8c87 centos "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago zen_payne
退出容器
exit # 直接停止并退出容器Ctrl + P +Q # 退出但不停止运行(命令要大写)
sun@sun-PC:~$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESsun@sun-PC:~$ docker run -it centos /bin/bash[root@ad2f2cd532b1 /]# sun@sun-PC:~$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESad2f2cd532b1 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes objective_banach# 这里使用了Ctrl + P +Q退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器ID # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有的容器，强制删除所有的容器docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器
sun@sun-PC:~$ docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESad2f2cd532b1 centos "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes objective_banach707fbf5e8c87 centos "/bin/bash" 22 minutes ago Exited (0) 20 minutes ago zen_payneeae029c81ffc bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 13 hours ago Exited (0) 13 hours ago keen_grothendiecksun@sun-PC:~$ docker rm 707fbf5e8c87707fbf5e8c87sun@sun-PC:~$ docker rm ad2f2cd532b1 # 不能删除正在运行的容器Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container ad2f2cd532b1931598fecb1467cc3a72aeaee247700418b3572ee844a9b2ed83. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------sun@sun-PC:~$ docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 强制删除所有的容器ad2f2cd532b1eae029c81ffcsun@sun-PC:~$ docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器ID # 启动容器docker restart 容器ID # 重启容器docker stop 容器ID # 停止当前正在运行的容器docker kill 容器ID # 强制停止当前容器
sun@sun-PC:~$ docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESsun@sun-PC:~$ docker run -it centos /bin/bash[root@10ec4078a6a6 /]# exitexitsun@sun-PC:~$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESsun@sun-PC:~$ docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES10ec4078a6a6 centos "/bin/bash" 44 seconds ago Exited (0) 27 seconds ago distracted_heisenbergsun@sun-PC:~$ docker start 10ec4078a6a610ec4078a6a6sun@sun-PC:~$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES10ec4078a6a6 centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up 25 seconds distracted_heisenbergsun@sun-PC:~$ docker stop 10ec4078a6a610ec4078a6a6sun@sun-PC:~$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESsun@sun-PC:~$ docker kill 10ec4078a6a6Error response from daemon: Cannot kill container: 10ec4078a6a6: Container 10ec4078a6a66eb0fdab984915c9c6a225f6b5a31b984faf1597abec8a1bb97a is not runningsun@sun-PC:~$ docker start 10ec4078a6a610ec4078a6a6sun@sun-PC:~$ docker kill 10ec4078a6a610ec4078a6a6sun@sun-PC:~$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
其他常用命令
后台启动容器
# 命令：docker run -d 镜像名root@ai1:~# docker run -d centosd33b499f467935ff4be240a75a985bec83eda95336f528d7228dd2baba1454a8root@ai1:~# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES# 问题docker ps，发现centos已经停止了# 常见的坑：docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自杀
查看日志命令
命令：docker logs -f -t --tail 查看的日志数 容器id
root@ai1:~# docker logs --helpOptions: # 可选项 --details Show extra details provided to logs -f, --follow Follow log output --since string Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes) --tail string Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all") -t, --timestamps Show timestamps --until string Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
root@ai1:~# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESroot@ai1:~# docker run -it centos /bin/bash[root@b2369309af4e /]# root@ai1:~# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESb2369309af4e centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute pensive_hellmanroot@ai1:~# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 b2369309af4e# 木有任何日志输出，因为我们这里是centos系统，里面我们自己没有写任何操作------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 添加输出代码测试root@ai1:~# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo shuju;sleep 2; done" e152d38e197627a837683bf31cf2650d3baea2131c3e28c633a8ade9df229546root@ai1:~# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESe152d38e1976 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 8 seconds ago Up 6 seconds inspiring_leakeyb2369309af4e centos "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes pensive_hellmanroot@ai1:~# docker logs -tf --tail 10 e152d38e19762020-07-04T04:27:41.258719887Z shuju2020-07-04T04:27:43.260429003Z shuju2020-07-04T04:27:45.262204113Z shuju2020-07-04T04:27:47.263971132Z shuju2020-07-04T04:27:49.265984007Z shuju2020-07-04T04:27:51.267760135Z shuju2020-07-04T04:27:53.269701320Z shuju2020-07-04T04:27:55.271781304Z shuju2020-07-04T04:27:57.273585752Z shuju2020-07-04T04:27:59.275456823Z shuju2020-07-04T04:28:01.277243215Z shuju2020-07-04T04:28:03.278997862Z shuju2020-07-04T04:28:05.280755754Z shuju2020-07-04T04:28:07.282540332Z shuju…… # 一直会刷新打印-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 显示日志 -tf # 显示日志 --tail # 后面接number，显示日志条数
查看容器中的进程信息
命令：docker top 容器id
root@ai1:~# docker top e152d38e1976UID PID PPID C STIME root 995 969 0 12:27 root 1224 995 0 12:31 # uid: 用户id# PID： # PPID：进程ID
查看镜像的元数据
命令：docker inspect 容器id
# 可选项 -f, --format string Format the output using the given Go template -s, --size Display total file sizes if the type is container --type string Return JSON for specified type
# 查看容器元数据[ { "Id": "e152d38e197627a837683bf31cf2650d3baea2131c3e28c633a8ade9df229546", "Created": "2020-07-04T04:27:24.709213575Z", "Path": "/bin/sh", "Args": [ "-c", "while true;do echo shuju;sleep 2; done" ], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 995, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2020-07-04T04:27:25.244598138Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image": "sha256:831691599b88ad6cc2a4abbd0e89661a121aff14cfa289ad840fd3946f274f1f", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e152d38e197627a837683bf31cf2650d3baea2131c3e28c633a8ade9df229546/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e152d38e197627a837683bf31cf2650d3baea2131c3e28c633a8ade9df229546/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e152d38e197627a837683bf31cf2650d3baea2131c3e28c633a8ade9df229546/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e152d38e197627a837683bf31cf2650d3baea2131c3e28c633a8ade9df229546/e152d38e197627a837683bf31cf2650d3baea2131c3e28c633a8ade9df229546-json.log", "Name": "/inspiring_leakey", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "Capabilities": null, "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "private", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "KernelMemory": 0, "KernelMemoryTCP": 0, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9874bde0157367981c65740acc24edea7f823b281ff25008d3392485256b64c3-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/00dc9e7a7970c4edd9bb0223edfef86bfd3a459370eb9916fb0b821a9426a805/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9874bde0157367981c65740acc24edea7f823b281ff25008d3392485256b64c3/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9874bde0157367981c65740acc24edea7f823b281ff25008d3392485256b64c3/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9874bde0157367981c65740acc24edea7f823b281ff25008d3392485256b64c3/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [], "Config": { "Hostname": "e152d38e1976", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], "Cmd": [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "while true;do echo shuju;sleep 2; done" ], "Image": "centos", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200611", "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2", "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image", "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0", "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS" } }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "84050beaf1d100fcdee4b27b66a7e144ecddbc03a846bef563cbff4172c4ff62", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": {}, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/84050beaf1d1", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "aaccca192dba4ff1e2ea3703c909ca37fa7d81be1c8259b6ea022bdc9ef1f25e", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "19c24ceb5fcb42a54c4e799e8970cb9e8f19f485e70c0f00672f8530e51f15d5", "EndpointID": "aaccca192dba4ff1e2ea3703c909ca37fa7d81be1c8259b6ea022bdc9ef1f25e", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03", "DriverOpts": null } } } }]
进入当前正在运行的容器
命令：docker exec -it 容器id baseshell(/bin/sh或者/bin/bash)
docker attach 容器id
# 方式一root@ai1:~# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESe152d38e1976 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 42 minutes ago Up 42 minutes inspiring_leakeyb2369309af4e centos "/bin/bash" 51 minutes ago Up 51 minutes pensive_hellmanroot@ai1:~# docker exec -it e152d38e1976 /bin/bash[root@e152d38e1976 /]# lsbin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 方式二docker attach 容器id 进去之后会打开正在执行的终端# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）# docker attach # 进去容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程！
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
命令：docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目标主机路径
root@ai1:/home# lsdc dockertest.java# 进入docker容器root@ai1:/home# docker attach b2369309af4e[root@b2369309af4e /]# lsbin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var[root@b2369309af4e /]# cd home[root@b2369309af4e home]# ls [root@b2369309af4e home]# touch test.java[root@b2369309af4e home]# exitexitroot@ai1:/home# docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESb2369309af4e centos "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 8 seconds ago pensive_hellmand33b499f4679 centos "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago heuristic_nobelb02b6e141960 centos "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago elated_noether89edce4472ff hello-world "/hello" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago nifty_hawkingroot@ai1:/home# docker cp b2369309af4e:/home/test.java /homeroot@ai1:/home# lsdc dockertest.java test.java# 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们会使用数据卷同步数据
docker 常用命令小结
attach Attach to a runing container # 当前shell下attach连接指定运行镜像build Build an image from d Dockerfile # 通过Dockerfile 定制镜像commit Create a new image from a container changes # 提交当前容器为新的镜像cp Copy files/folders from the container filesystem to the host path # 从当前容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中create Create a new container # 创建一个新的容器，同run，但是不启动容器diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem # 查看docker容器变化events Get real time events from server # 从docker服务获取容器实时事件exec Run a command in an existing container # 在已存在的容器上运行命令export Stream the contents of a container as tar archive # 导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件[对应import]history Show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史images List images # 镜像列表import Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarball # 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统系统[对应export]info Display system-wide information on a container # 显示系统相关信息inspect Ruturn low-level information on a container # 查看容器详细信息kill Kill a runing container # kill指定docker容器load Load an image from a tar archive # 从一个tar包中加载一个镜像[对应save]login Register or login to the docker registry server # 注册或登录一个docker源服务器logout Log out from a Docker registry server # 从当前的Docker registry 退出logs Fetch the logs of a container # 输出指定容器的日志信息port Lookup the punlic-facing port ehich is NAT-ed PRIVATE_PORT # 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口pause Pause all processes within a container # 暂停容器ps list containers # 列出容器列表pull Pull an image or a registory from the docker registry server # 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像push Push an image or registory to the docker registry server # 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器restart # 重启一个在运行的容器rm # 移除一个或者多个容器rmi # 移除一个或多个镜像[镜像有容器运行时，不能删除，除非加-f强制删除]run # 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令save # 保存一个镜像为一个tar包[对应load]search # 在docker hub中搜索镜像start # 启动容器stop # 停止容器tag # 给源中镜像打标签top # 查看容器中运行的进程unpause # 取消暂停容器version # 查看docker版本号wait # 截取容器停止时的退出状态值
docker in ubantu
docker 安装
安装参考文档：apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
(base) dc@dell-PowerEdge-T640:~$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc[sudo] dc 的密码： 正在读取软件包列表... 完成正在分析软件包的依赖关系树 正在读取状态信息... 完成 软件包 docker-engine 未安装，所以不会被卸载软件包 docker 未安装，所以不会被卸载软件包 containerd 未安装，所以不会被卸载软件包 docker.io 未安装，所以不会被卸载软件包 runc 未安装，所以不会被卸载下列软件包是自动安装的并且现在不需要了： linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1037使用'sudo apt autoremove'来卸载它(它们)。升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 0 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 15 个软件包未被升级。
第二步：更新软件并安装相关配置
$ sudo apt-get update$ sudo apt-get install \ apt-transport-\ ca-certificates \ curl \ gnupg-agent \ software-properties-common
安装过程中遇到您希望继续执行吗？ [Y/n] y选择“y”
第三步：添加docker的官方GPG密钥
$ curl -fsSL | sudo apt-key add -
第四步：验证密钥
$ sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88pub rsa4096 2017-02-22 [SCEA] 9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88uid [ unknown] Docker Release (CE deb) sub rsa4096 2017-02-22 [S]
第五步：添加镜像仓库（注意自己的ubantu系统版本）
arch可选项：amd64、armhf、arm64
$ sudo add-apt-repository \ "deb [arch=amd64] \ $(lsb_release -cs) \ stable"
第六步：更新软件并安装docker-ce
$ sudo apt-get update$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
第七步：验证是否安装成功
$ sudo docker run hello-world
(base) xxx@dell-PowerEdge-T640:~$ sudo docker run hello-world[sudo] xxx 的密码： Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locallylatest: Pulling from library/hello-world0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete Digest: sha256:d58e752213a51785838f9eed2b7a498ffa1cb3aa7f946dda11af39286c3db9a9Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latestHello from Docker! # 运行成功的标志This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.To generate this message, Docker took the following steps: 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon. 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub. (amd64) 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the executable that produces the output you are currently reading. 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it to your terminal.To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with: $ docker run -it ubuntu bashShare images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID: more examples and ideas, visit: xxx@dell-PowerEdge-T640:~$ docker imagesGot permission denied while trying to connect to the Docker daemon socket at unix:///var/run/docker.sock: Get dial unix /var/run/docker.sock: connect: permission denied
docker权限不够，解决办法：(添加用户到docker组，在需要议添加对用户下执行就可以)
sudo groupadd dockersudo gpasswd -a $USER dockernewgrp docker
root@dell-PowerEdge-T640:/var/run# sudo groupadd dockergroupadd：“docker”组已存在root@dell-PowerEdge-T640:/var/run# sudo gpasswd -a $USER docker正在将用户“root”加入到“docker”组中root@dell-PowerEdge-T640:/var/run# su xxx(base) xxx@dell-PowerEdge-T640:/var/run$ sudo gpasswd -a $USER docker正在将用户“xxx”加入到“docker”组中(base) xxx@dell-PowerEdge-T640:/var/run$ newgrp docker(base) xxx@dell-PowerEdge-T640:/var/run$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEhello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB
docker设置国内镜像加速
在上一部分deepin系统中我们已经设置过加速了，原理一样。将下面对文件添加如下内容，没有就创建，源对地址可以更换。
(base) xxx@dell-PowerEdge-T640:~$ cat /etc/docker/daemon.json { "registry-mirrors": ["service docker restart
设置后，下载mysql试一下：
(base) xxx@dell-PowerEdge-T640:~$ docker pull mysqlUsing default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from library/mysql8559a31e96f4: Pull complete d51ce1c2e575: Pull complete c2344adc4858: Pull complete fcf3ceff18fc: Pull complete 16da0c38dc5b: Pull complete b905d1797e97: Pull complete 4b50d1c6b05c: Pull complete c75914a65ca2: Pull complete 1ae8042bdd09: Pull complete 453ac13c00a3: Pull complete 9e680cd72f08: Pull complete a6b5dc864b6c: Pull complete Digest: sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latestdocker.io/library/mysql:latest
清澈的爱，只为中国
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