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2022-10-16
Kubernetes在CentOS7下二进制文件离线安装
Kubernetes在CentOS7下二进制文件离线安装
一、下载Kubernetes(简称K8S)二进制文件
1)从上边的网址中选择相应的版本,本文以1.9.1版本为例,从 CHANGELOG页面 下载二进制文件到/root目录
2)组件选择:选择Service Binaries中的kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz 该文件已经包含了 K8S所需要的全部组件,无需单独下载Client等组件。
二、 安装思路
解压kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz 二进制包,将service/bin/下的可执行二进制文件复制到/usr/bin/下,并设置对应的systemd文件和配置文件。
三、 节点规划
节点IP | 角色 | 安装组件 |
192.168.1.10 | Master | etcd,apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler |
192.168.1.128 | Node1 | Kubelet,kube-proxy,flannel |
其中,etcd为k8s的数据库,etcd保存kubernetes中增删改查等操作。
提前做好/etc/hosts文件绑定
sed -i '$a 192.168.1.10 master' /etc/hosts
sed -i '$a 192.168.1.128 node1' /etc/hosts
四、 部署master节点
1)复制对应的二进制文件到/usr/bin目录下 2)创建systemd service启动服务文件 3)创建service 中对应的配置参数文件 4)将该应用加入到开机自启
0. 离线安装docker服务
解压docker.tar.gz文件,然后使用rpm命令忽略依赖关系强制安装
tar zxf docker.tar.gz
cd docker
rpm -ivh *.rpm --nodeps --force
启动docker:
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
1 . etcd数据库安装 (1) ectd数据库安装 下载:K8S需要etcd作为数据库。以 v3.2.11为例,下载地址如下: 解压,将etcd、etcdctl二进制文件复制到/usr/bin目录
tar zxf etcd-v3.2.11-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd etcd-v3.2.11-linux-amd64
cp etcd etcdctl /usr/bin/
(2)设置 etcd.service服务文件 在/usr/lib/systemd/system/目录里创建etcd.service vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service,内容如下:
[Unit]
Description=etcd.service
[Service]
Type=notify
TimeoutStartSec=0
Restart=always
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/usr/bin/etcd
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
(3)创建红色字体的路径:
mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd && mkdir -p /etc/etcd/
(4)创建etcd.conf文件:
vim /etc/etcd/etcd.conf
并写入内容:
ETCD_NAME=ETCD Server
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS=daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd.service
(6)检查etcd是否启动成功
[root@server1 ~]# etcdctl cluster-health
member 8e9e05c52164694d is healthy: got healthy result from is healthy
有此结果表示成功
(7)etcd默认监控服务器的TCP/2379端口
[root@server1 ~]# netstat -lntp | grep etcd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2380 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 11376/etcd
tcp6 0 0 :::2379 :::* LISTEN 11376/etcd
1. 安装kube-apiserver服务
注意:服务器或者虚拟机网卡一定要配置默认网关,否则就会出现服务不能启动的问题!!!
(1)解压之前下载好的kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz ,将其子目录server/bin下的kube-apiserver、 kube-controller-manager 、kube-scheduler复制到/usr/bin/目录下
tar zxf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin/
cp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler /usr/bin/
(2)添加/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service文件
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service,内容如下:
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
After=etcd.service
Wants=etcd.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/etc/kubernetes/apiserver
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-apiserver \
$KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS \
$KUBE_API_ADDRESS \
$KUBE_API_PORT \
$KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES \
$KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL \
$KUBE_API_LOG \
$KUBE_API_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
(3)创建kube-apiserver需要的路径
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/
(4)建立kube-apiserver的配置文件: /etc/kubernetes/apiserver
vim /etc/kubernetes/apiserver,内容如下:
KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--insecure-bind-address=0.0.0.0"
KUBE_API_PORT="--port=8080"
KUBELET_PORT="--kubelet-port=10250"
KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver.service
(6)查看是否启动成功
[root@server1 bin]# netstat -lntp | grep kube
tcp6 0 0 :::6443 :::* LISTEN 11471/kube-apiserve
tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 11471/kube-apiserve
3. 部署kube-controller-manager
(1)添加/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service文件
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service,内容如下:
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
After=kube-apiserver.service
Requires=kube-apiserver.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-controller-manager \
$KUBE_MASTER \
$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
(2)添加配置文件controller-manager
vim /etc/kubernetes/controller-manager ,内容如下:
KUBE_MASTER="--master=KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS=" "
(3)启动kube-controller-manager
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager.service
(4)验证kube-controller-manager是否启动成功
[root@server1 bin]# netstat -lntp | grep kube-controll
tcp6 0 0 :::10252 :::* LISTEN 11546/kube-controll
4. 部署kube-scheduler服务
(1)编辑/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service,内容如下:
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
After=kube-apiserver.service
Requires=kube-apiserver.service
[Service]
User=root
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/scheduler
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-scheduler \
$KUBE_MASTER \
$KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
(2)编辑kube-scheduler配置文件
vim /etc/kubernetes/scheduler,内容如下:
KUBE_MASTER="--master=--log-dir=/home/k8s-t/log/kubernetes --v=2"
(3)启动kube-scheduler
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler.service
(4)验证是否启动
[root@server1 bin]# netstat -lntp | grep kube-schedule
tcp6 0 0 :::10251 :::* LISTEN 11605/kube-schedule
5. 将kubernetes/service/bin设置为默认搜索路径
sed -i '$a export PATH=$PATH:/root/kubernetes/server/bin/' /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
6.查看几个节点的状态:
[root@server1 bin]# kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health": "true"}
至此,k8smaster节点安装完毕
Master一键重启服务:
for i in etcd kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler docker;do systemctl restart $i;done
====================================
Node节点安装:
Node节点安装需要复制kubernetes/service/bin的kube-proxy,kubelet到/usr/bin/目录下,以及flannel二进制文件包
1. 离线安装docker服务
解压docker.tar.gz文件,然后使用rpm命令忽略依赖关系强制安装
tar zxf docker.tar.gz
cd docker
rpm -ivh *.rpm --nodeps --force
2. 修改docker启动文件:
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
# the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still
# exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required
# for containers run by docker
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead
# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
# Uncomment TasksMax if your systemd version supports it.
# Only systemd 226 and above support this version.
#TasksMax=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
# set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containers
Delegate=yes
# kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroup
KillMode=process
# restart the docker process if it exits prematurely
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
3.启动docker:
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
3. 解压k8s二进制文件包
tar zxf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd /root/kubernetes/server/bin/
cp kube-proxy kubelet /usr/bin/
4. 安装kube-proxy服务
(1)添加/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service文件,内容如下:
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=\
$KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \
$KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \
$KUBE_MASTER \
$KUBE_PROXY_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
(2)创建/etc/kubernetes目录
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes
(3)添加/etc/kubernetes/proxy配置文件
vim /etc/kubernetes/proxy,内容如下:
KUBE_PROXY_ARGS=""
(4)添加/etc/kubernetes/config文件
KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR="--logtostderr=true"
KUBE_LOG_LEVEL="--v=0"
KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV="--allow_privileged=false"
KUBE_MASTER="--master=daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy.service
(6)查看kube-proxy启动状态
[root@server2 bin]# netstat -lntp | grep kube-proxy
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10249 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 11754/kube-proxy
tcp6 0 0 :::10256 :::* LISTEN 11754/kube-proxy
5. 安装kubelet服务
(1) 创建/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service文件
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service,内容如下:
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet Server
Documentation=$KUBELET_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
(2) 创建kubelet所需文件路径
mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet
(3) 创建kubelet配置文件
vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet,内容如下:
KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=192.168.1.128"
KUBELET_POD_INFRA_CONTAINER="--pod-infra-container-image=reg.docker.tb/harbor/pod-infrastructure:latest"
KUBELET_ARGS="--enable-server=true --enable-debugging-handlers=true --fail-swap-on=false --kubeconfig=/var/lib/kubelet/kubeconfig"
(4) 添加/var/lib/kubelet/kubeconfig文件
然后还要添加一个配置文件,因为1.9.0在kubelet里不再使用KUBELET_API_SERVER来跟API通信,而是通过别一个yaml的配置来实现。
vim /var/lib/kubelet/kubeconfig ,内容如下:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Config
users:
- name: kubelet
clusters:
- name: kubernetes
cluster:
server: context:
cluster: kubernetes
user: kubelet
name: service-account-context
current-context: service-account-context
(5)启动kubelet
关闭swap分区:swapoff -a (不然kubelet启动报错)
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet.service
(4)查看kubelet文件状态
[root@server2 ~]# netstat -lntp | grep kubelet
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10248 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 15410/kubelet
tcp6 0 0 :::10250 :::* LISTEN 15410/kubelet
tcp6 0 0 :::10255 :::* LISTEN 15410/kubelet
tcp6 0 0 :::4194 :::* LISTEN 15410/kubelet
6. 搭建flannel网络
Flannel可以使整个集群的docker容器拥有唯一的内网IP,并且多个node之间的docker0可以互相访问
(1) Flannel网络只需要安装在node节点上,不需要安装在etcd节点和master节点上,flannel的下载地址为:下载之后解压tar zxf flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
将二进制文件flanneld、mk-docker-opts.sh拷贝到/usr/bin/下,即安装完成flannel
cp flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh /usr/bin/
(3) 编写flannel的systemd文件,便于启动
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service,内容如下:
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
After=etcd.service
Before=docker.service
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/flanneld
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/docker-network
ExecStart=/usr/bin/flanneld-start $FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStartPost=/usr/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/docker
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
RequiredBy=docker.service
(4)编写flannel配置文件,路径对应上文的/etc/sysconfig/flanneld
vim /etc/sysconfig/flanneld,内容如下:
# flanneld configuration options
# etcd url location. Point this to the server where etcd runs
FLANNEL_ETCD="etcd config key. This is the configuration key that flannel queries
# For address range assignment
FLANNEL_ETCD_KEY="/atomic.io/network/"
(5) vi /usr/bin/flanneld-start
#!/bin/sh
exec /usr/bin/flanneld \
-etcd-endpoints=${FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS:-${FLANNEL_ETCD}} \
-etcd-prefix=${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX:-${FLANNEL_ETCD_KEY}} \
"$@"
赋执行权限
chmod +x /usr/bin/flanneld-start
(6) 在etcd节点定义一个flannel网络
etcdctl mk /atomic.io/network/config '{"Network":"172.18.0.0/24"}'
(7) 停止docker和关闭docker0
因为flannel将覆盖docker0网络,所以最好在开启flannel之前关闭docker0网卡和docker
systemctl stop docker
关闭docker服务后,kubelet也会关闭,master会显示node节点不可用,这是正常现象,等flannel网络设置完毕之后再开启kubelet和docker即可。
(8) 启动flannel服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start flanneld
(9) 设置docker0网桥的IP地址
mkdir -p /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.d
cd /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.d
mk-docker-opts.sh -i
source /run/flannel/subnet.env
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.d/flannel.conf
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/run/flannel/docker
(10) 重启docker和kubelet服务
systemctl restart docker
systemctl restart kubelet
(11) 确认docker0地址和flannel位于同一网段
ifconfig
到此完成了flannel覆盖网络的设置。
各个node之间的docker0就可以互相访问了。
Etcd数据库操作
删除一个键值:
举例:etcdctl mk /atomic.io/network/config '{"Network":"172.18.0.0/24"}'不小心写错了,可以删除值,重新赋值:
etcdctl rm /atomic.io/network/config
然后重新赋值就可以了,然后需要去node上删除/run/flannel/subnet.env文件,重启flanneld即可获取新的IP网段。
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