linux cpu占用率如何看
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2022-09-07
Kubernetes kubeadm快速部署你的集群
Kubernetes kubeadm快速部署你的集群
Kubernetes是什么
• Kubernetes是Google在2014年开源的一个容器集群管理系统，Kubernetes简称K8s。
• Kubernetes用于容器化应用程序的部署，扩展和管理，目标是让部署容器化应用简单高效。
官方网站：API，集群的统一入口，各组件协调者， 以RESTful API提供接口服务，所有对象资源的增删改查和监听操作都交给APIServer处理后再提交给Etcd存储。
kube-controller-manager
处理集群中常规后台任务，一个资源对应一个控制器，而ControllerManager就是负责管理这些控制器的。
kube-scheduler
根据调度算法为新创建的Pod选择一个Node节点，可以任意部署, 可以部署在同一个节点上,也可以部署在不同的节点上。
etcd
分布式键值存储系统。 用于保存集群状态数据，比如Pod、Service 等对象信息
Node组件
kubelet
kubelet是Master在Node节点上的Agent，管理本机运行容器的生命周期， 比如创建容器、Pod挂载数据卷、下载secret、获取容器和节点状态等工作。 kubelet将每个Pod转换成一组容器。
kube-proxy
在Node节点上实现Pod网络代理， 维护网络规则和四层负载均衡工作 。
docker或rocket
容器引擎，运行容器。
生产环境部署K8s的2种方式
kubeadm
Kubeadm是一个工具，提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join，用于快速部署Kubernetes集群。
部署地址：：如果你版本是7.1-7.4执行yum update升级版本
[root@localhost ~]# yum update -y[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
关闭防火墙：centos7之后使用的是firewalld，6版本使用的是iptables，不过在centos7里面也可以使用iptables。其实firewalld和iptables都是用户态的工具，基于内核netfilter实现的。安装好centos7之后默认会在netfilter创建一些规则，只放行部分端口可以让外部访问，所以要清空规则就将防火墙关闭。一般会在服务器的流量入口加一个防火墙进行控制，很少会对服务器加防火墙规则。
systemctl stop firewalldsystemctl disable firewalld
禁用swap分区：在k8s当中不禁用不行，不关闭k8s可能启动不了
# 关闭swapswapoff -a # 临时sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久
关闭selinux：
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久setenforce 0 # 临时
设置主机名：添加规划好的IP和主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1 hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node2cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF192.168.179.102 k8s-master192.168.179.103 k8s-node1192.168.179.104 k8s-node2EOF
# 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOFnet.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1EOFsysctl --system # 生效
时间同步：确保时间保持一致，因为k8s涉及到了TZ
时区选对了最后同步时区
yum install ntpdate -yntpdate time.windows.com
安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet【所有节点】
Kubernetes默认CRI（容器运行时）为Docker，因此先安装Docker。
安装docker
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repoyum -y install docker-cesystemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
配置镜像下载加速器：加速器，拉取镜像的时候就快一点
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF{ "registry-mirrors": ["restart dockerdocker info
添加阿里云YUM软件源（安装k8s相关组件的，所有节点需要执行）
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF[kubernetes]name=Kubernetesbaseurl=install -y kubelet-1.19.0 kubeadm-1.19.0 kubectl-1.19.0 所有节点安装systemctl enable kubelet[root@ks8-node1 ~]# kubekubeadm kubectl kubelet
kubelet：systemd守护进程管理kubeadm：部署工具kubectl：k8s命令行管理工具
安装好之后不要直接启动kubelet，因为还没有配置文件，kubeadm没有帮你生成其配置文件，只有kebeadm执行完成才有该配置文件，并且kubeadm会自动帮你拉起kubelet。所以这里只需要设置开机启动就行
所有节点都会有 kubelet kubeadm kubectl这三个工具
Kubectl(管理k8s集群工具)实际上在master安装就行，只不过在node节点安装了不使用罢了
部署Kubernetes Master（先创建master然后将node加入到k8s集群）
下面操作都在你的master节点上执行
现在全部在Master 192.168.179.102上执行
kubeadm init \ --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.179.102 \ --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \ --kubernetes-version v1.19.0 \ --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \ --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \ --ignore-preflight-errors=all
Kube init这个命令的意思是创建一个master节点，后面是一些参数
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.179.102通告参数用于内网节点连接它的一个地址--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers 指定的是阿里云镜像仓库，默认使用的是国外仓库地址去拉取镜像启动容器，国外网站是访问不了的。这里改为国内的仓库，这样解决了网络不通的问题。--kubernetes-version v1.19.0 \ 指定版本，要和上面yum安装的组件版本保持一致
这两个网段不要和现有的物理网络有冲突就行
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \ 一个service的网段--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \ 一个pod的网段--ignore-preflight-errors=all 忽略检查的一些错误
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm init \> --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.179.102 \> --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \> --kubernetes-version v1.19.0 \> --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \> --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \> --ignore-preflight-errors=allW1115 14:53:46.739904 1251 configset.go:348] WARNING: kubeadm cannot validate component configs for API groups [kubelet.config.k8s.io kubeproxy.config.k8s.io][init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.19.0
kubeadm init 初始化 master节点
（1）[preflight] 环境检查和拉取镜像 ，kubeadm config | images pull（检查当前机器是否满足安装k8s的条件，比如最低配置1核1G）
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks [WARNING NumCPU]: the number of available CPUs 1 is less than the required 2 [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster[root@k8s-master ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEregistry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy v1.19.0 bc9c328f379c 2 months ago 118MBregistry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager v1.19.0 09d665d529d0 2 months ago 111MBregistry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver v1.19.0 1b74e93ece2f 2 months ago 119MBregistry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler v1.19.0 cbdc8369d8b1 2 months ago 45.7MBregistry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd 3.4.9-1 d4ca8726196c 4 months ago 253MBregistry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns 1.7.0 bfe3a36ebd25 5 months ago 45.2MBregistry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.2 80d28bedfe5d 9 months ago 683kB
（2）[certs] 生成k8s证书和etcd证书 /etc/kubernetes/pki，生成k8s证书和etcd证书，其实这个证书生成是为了启用Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.179.102][certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master localhost] and IPs [192.168.179.102 127.0.0.1 ::1][certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master localhost] and IPs [192.168.179.102 127.0.0.1 ::1][certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key[root@k8s-master ~]# cd /etc/kubernetes/pki/[root@k8s-master pki]# lsapiserver.crt apiserver-kubelet-client.crt etcd front-proxy-client.keyapiserver-etcd-client.crt apiserver-kubelet-client.key front-proxy-ca.crt sa.keyapiserver-etcd-client.key ca.crt front-proxy-ca.key sa.pubapiserver.key ca.key front-proxy-client.crt
（3）[kubeconfig] 生成kubeconfig文件，这个文件是认证文件，要连接apiserver，需要指定api server的地址，同时需要指明以什么身份去连接apiserver
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig fileYour Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
K8s的控制面板是已经初始化完成了，要使用集群执行下面步骤
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user: mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
这一步是将连接集群的配置文件拷贝到默认路径下，好使用命令行工具去管理集群。也就是使用kubectl去管理集群了（如果不拷贝这个文件是无法使用kubectl这个命令管理集群）
（4）[kubelet-start] 生成kubelet配置文件
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
这里生成了kubelet的配置文件，是kubeadm帮你生成的，同时帮你启动，可以使用systemctl status kubelet查看
[root@k8s-master .kube]# systemctl status kubelet● kubelet.service - kubelet: The Kubernetes Node Agent Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d └─10-kubeadm.conf Active: active (running) since Fri 2022-04-15 11:05:58 CST; 2min 27s ago Docs: Main PID: 2797 (kubelet) Tasks: 12 Memory: 56.8M CGroup: /system.slice/kubelet.service └─2797 /usr/bin/kubelet --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf ...Apr 15 11:08:04 k8s-master kubelet[2797]: W0415 11:08:04.182477 2797 cni.go:239] Unable to update cni config: no networks found i...i/net.dApr 15 11:08:05 k8s-master kubelet[2797]: E0415 11:08:05.595183 2797 kubelet.go:2103] Container runtime network not ready: Networ...ializedApr 15 11:08:09 k8s-master kubelet[2797]: W0415 11:08:09.183292 2797 cni.go:239] Unable to update cni config: no networks found i...i/net.dApr 15 11:08:10 k8s-master kubelet[2797]: E0415 11:08:10.616475 2797 kubelet.go:2103] Container runtime network not ready: Networ...ializedApr 15 11:08:14 k8s-master kubelet[2797]: W0415 11:08:14.184185 2797 cni.go:239] Unable to update cni config: no networks found i...i/net.dApr 15 11:08:15 k8s-master kubelet[2797]: E0415 11:08:15.635718 2797 kubelet.go:2103] Container runtime network not ready: Networ...ializedApr 15 11:08:19 k8s-master kubelet[2797]: W0415 11:08:19.184774 2797 cni.go:239] Unable to update cni config: no networks found i...i/net.dApr 15 11:08:20 k8s-master kubelet[2797]: E0415 11:08:20.659029 2797 kubelet.go:2103] Container runtime network not ready: Networ...ializedApr 15 11:08:24 k8s-master kubelet[2797]: W0415 11:08:24.184898 2797 cni.go:239] Unable to update cni config: no networks found i...i/net.dApr 15 11:08:25 k8s-master kubelet[2797]: E0415 11:08:25.668610 2797 kubelet.go:2103] Container runtime network not ready: Networ...ializedHint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf --config=/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2
（5）[control-plane] 部署管理节点组件，用镜像启动容器
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
帮你启动kube-apiserve kube-controller-manage kube-scheduler etcd这些组件
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-systemNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGEcoredns-6d56c8448f-ddt97 0/1 Pending 0 43mcoredns-6d56c8448f-lwn8m 0/1 Pending 0 43metcd-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 43mkube-apiserver-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 43mkube-controller-manager-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 43mkube-proxy-xth6p 1/1 Running 0 43mkube-scheduler-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 43m
（6）[etcd] 部署etcd数据库，用镜像启动容器
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
（7）[upload-config] [kubelet] [upload-certs] 上传配置文件到k8s中（将其配置文件存储在k8s当中，其他节点要加入集群会拉取这个配置文件去启动）
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.19" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
（8）[mark-control-plane] 给管理节点添加一个标签 node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''，再添加一个污点[node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master as control-plane by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''"[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule][root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl describe node k8s-masterTaints: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoSchedule
（9）[bootstrap-token] 自动为kubelet颁发证书，这个token其实就是为了其他节点加入集群颁发证书用的（也就是为每个节点颁发证书）
[bootstrap-token] Using token: u7iclt.miuss90cwnjokuje[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
（10）[addons] 部署插件，CoreDNS、kube-proxy
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
最后，拷贝连接k8s集群的认证文件到默认路径下，这样就可以使用kubectl去查看了（别忘记了！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！）
[root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube[root@k8s-master ~]# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config[root@k8s-master ~]# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodeNAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSIONk8s-master NotReady master 7m v1.19.0
[root@k8s-master manifests]# lsetcd.yaml kube-apiserver.yaml kube-controller-manager.yaml kube-scheduler.yaml
上面初始化工作总结如下：
kubeadm init初始化工作：
[preflight] 环境检查和拉取镜像 kubeadm config images pull[certs] 生成k8s证书和etcd证书 /etc/kubernetes/pki[kubeconfig] 生成kubeconfig文件[kubelet-start] 生成kubelet配置文件[control-plane] 部署管理节点组件，用镜像启动容器 kubectl get pods -n kube-system[etcd] 部署etcd数据库，用镜像启动容器[upload-config] [kubelet] [upload-certs] 上传配置文件到k8s中[mark-control-plane] 给管理节点添加一个标签 node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''，再添加一个污点[node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule][bootstrap-token] 自动为kubelet颁发证书[addons] 部署插件，CoreDNS、kube-proxy
加入Kubernetes Node
上面k8s节点初始化完成，还剩下两步没有完成
一个是部署网络
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:kubeadm join 192.168.179.102:6443 --token u7iclt.miuss90cwnjokuje \--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a3f0566e54fee79bff76bcd87c49c656a339dbdf59f874ac90992418f6a94157
在192.168.179.103/104（Node）执行
向集群添加新节点，执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令：使用之前kube init生成的指令
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.111.6:6443 --token 61d4wg.ktsy9ru26oseb2aa --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:536ec429a1e2e1bd62eda768623805a7ae2a84aba650c5b1d09011bbf95b640e [preflight] Running pre-flight checks [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at [WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 20.10.14. Latest validated version: 19.03[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml'[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...This node has joined the cluster:* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.179.102:6443 --token u7iclt.miuss90cwnjokuje --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a3f0566e54fee79bff76bcd87c49c656a339dbdf59f874ac90992418f6a94157 [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodeNAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSIONk8s-master NotReady master 60m v1.19.0k8s-node1 NotReady
[root@master ~]# kubectl get csrNAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITIONcsr-gp8cd 15m kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet system:bootstrap:xxwuv9 Approved,Issuedcsr-hdmjf 22m kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet system:node:master Approved,Issuedcsr-tlfnn 16m kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet system:bootstrap:xxwuv9 Approved,Issued
可以看到没有就绪，这个时候就需要部署容器网络插件了
[root@k8s-master ~]# journalctl -u kubelet > a.xtx 可以查看日志，可以看到容器网络没有准备好，需要安装CNI插件，网络插件很多种，有很多公司开发的k8s网络组件比如calico，主流使用calico，建议使用这个
Nov 15 14:56:50 k8s-master kubelet[1616]: E1115 14:56:50.434600 1616 kubelet.go:2103] Container runtime network not ready: NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:docker: network plugin is not ready: cni config uninitializedNov 15 14:56:50 k8s-master kubelet[1616]: E1115 14:56:50.485711 1616 kubelet.go:2183] node "k8s-master" not found
默认token有效期为24小时，当过期之后，该token就不可用了。这时就需要重新创建token，操作如下：
[root@master ~]# kubeadm token create --print-join-commandW0418 17:38:02.439937 18435 configset.go:348] WARNING: kubeadm cannot validate component configs for API groups [kubelet.config.k8s.io kubeproxy.config.k8s.io]kubeadm join 192.168.111.6:6443 --token qqf3xv.3ovyztz2jzkjsklq --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:861037155eac93e6890bbfccad7471e5cb56e710b240c8f2641212c2c0ecb460
部署calico网络
[root@k8s-master ~]# wget init指定的一样
将注释去掉 - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR value: "192.168.0.0/16"改为 - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR value: "10.244.0.0/16"
这个网段是kube init的 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16网段，也就是pod网段
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
可以看到以容器方式去不是网络组件，这里可以通过READY查看网络是否准备就绪
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-systemNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGEcalico-kube-controllers-5c6f6b67db-q5qb6 0/1 Pending 0 39scalico-node-6hgrq 0/1 Init:0/3 0 39scalico-node-jxh4t 0/1 Init:2/3 0 39scalico-node-xjklb 0/1 Init:1/3 0 39s
这些镜像下载比较慢，下载好之后启动完毕再查看node状态，下面是查看calico使用了哪些镜像
[root@k8s-master ~]# cat calico.yaml | grep image image: calico/cni:v3.16.5 image: calico/cni:v3.16.5 image: calico/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.16.5 image: calico/node:v3.16.5 image: calico/kube-controllers:v3.16.5
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-systemNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGEcalico-kube-controllers-5c6f6b67db-q5qb6 1/1 Running 0 3m52scalico-node-6hgrq 1/1 Running 0 3m52scalico-node-jxh4t 1/1 Running 0 3m52scalico-node-xjklb 1/1 Running 0 3m52scoredns-6d56c8448f-ddt97 1/1 Running 0 82mcoredns-6d56c8448f-lwn8m 1/1 Running 0 82metcd-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 82mkube-apiserver-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 82mkube-controller-manager-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 82mkube-proxy-7wgls 1/1 Running 0 22mkube-proxy-vkt7g 1/1 Running 0 23mkube-proxy-xth6p 1/1 Running 0 82mkube-scheduler-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 82m[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodeNAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSIONk8s-master Ready master 3d9h v1.19.0k8s-node1 Ready
测试kubernetes集群
验证Pod工作验证Pod网络通信验证DNS解析
在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod，验证是否正常运行：
$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort$ kubectl get pod,svc
访问地址：init来初始化也不会成功，因为第一次运行环境是错误的环境。这个需要将清理当前环境，保持一个纯净的环境再去执行初始化
1、清空当前初始化环境
kubeadm reset
2、calico pod未准备就绪，那么需要每个节点手动拉取镜像看是否拉取到
grep image calico.yaml 每个节点拉取看看是否拉取完毕
docker pull calico/xxx
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